山乌桕轻型基质育苗试验  

Seedlings Cultural Techniques of Light Medium for Sapium Discolor

作　　者：林龙[1] LIN Long(Fujian Forestry Science and Technology Test Center,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363600,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省林业科技试验中心,福建漳州363600

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2022年第9期20-24,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：福建省林业科学研究项目“山乌桕优良观赏品种选育”(No.闽林科便函[2020]9号)。

摘　　要：为规模化标准化培育山乌桕轻型基质苗木提供参考,以山乌桕为研究对象,开展轻型基质容器袋育苗试验,通过正交试验研究基质配比(A)、透光率(B)及肥料种类(C)对山乌桕苗木生长的影响。结果表明:山乌桕种子播种前用温度为50℃的1%KOH浸泡24 h,可提高种子发芽率,达91.2%;影响苗木成活率的主次关系是B>A>C,影响山乌桕苗高和地径生长的主次关系是A>C>B,苗木培育最优方案为A_(3)B_(1)C_(3),即泥炭∶椰粉∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1(A_(3))+透光率25%(B_(1))+复合肥(C_(3));山乌桕苗期的病虫害较少,较易防治,可联合使用50%甲基硫菌灵600倍溶液及40%毒死蜱+20%丁硫克百威1000倍液来进行病虫害防治;苗高和地径可作为山乌桕轻型基质苗木出圃质量抽检的主要指标,合格苗分Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个等级,1年生苗Ⅰ级苗苗高(H)≥56 cm、地径(D)≥0.50 cm;Ⅱ级苗:56 cm>H≥45 cm、0.50 cm>D≥0.40 cm。In order to provide reference for large-scale standardized cultivation of light substrate seedlings of Sapium discolor,taking Sapium discolor as the research object,a light-matrix container bag seedling experiment was carried out,the effects of matrix ratio(A),light transmittance(B)and fertilizer type(C)on the growth of Sapium discolor seedlings were studied through orthogonal experiments.The results showed that the seeds of Sapium discolor were soaked in 1%potassium hydroxide solution at 50℃for 24 hours before sowing,which could increase the germination rate of seeds to 91.2%;The primary and secondary relationships affecting the survival rate of Sapium discolor seedlings were B>A>C,the primary and secondary relationship affecting the growth of tallow seedling height and ground diameter were A>C>B.The optimal plan for seedling cultivation was A_(3)B_(1)C_(3),that was peat:coconut flour:perlite=3:1:1(A_(3))+25%light transmittance(B_(1))+compound fertilizer(C_(3)).There were fewer diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage of Sapium discolor,and it was easier to control.The combination of 600 times 50%thiophanate-methyl solution and 40%chlorpyrifos+20%carbosulfan 1000 times solution could be used for pest control.When the light substrate seedlings of Sapium discolor were out of the nursery,the seedling height and ground diameter could be used as the basis for quality classification.The quality grading standards for the light media container seedling of Sapium discolor could be divided into 2 grades,seedling height(H)≥56 cm,ground diameter(D)≥0.50 cm as gradeⅠ.56 cm>Seedling height≥45 cm,0.50 cm>ground diameter≥0.40 cm as gradeⅡ.

关 键 词：山乌桕 轻型基质 育苗 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]