明代运河“水脊”的形成及其意义  

The Formation and Significance of the “Water Ridge” of the Grand Canal in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：高元杰 Gao Yuanjie(The Grand Canal Research Institute of Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252000,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学运河学研究院,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《历史地理研究》2022年第3期16-27,152,153,共14页The Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“明清黄运地区河漕赋役与社会变迁研究”(20YJC770006)。

摘　　要：明后期以降的史籍普遍认为南旺自元代起一直是会通河沿线的制高点“水脊”,元明会通河成败的关键就在于是否选择了南旺“水脊”作为分水口,这种观点不正确。南旺湖原本是梁山泊最后的余绪,地势低洼,明初宋礼引汶水到南旺济运后开始淤积,成化年间确定南旺分水核心地位后,挑出的泥沙堆积在运河和小汶河两岸形成土山地貌,构成明后期以降人们眼中的“水脊”意象。即南旺“水脊”形成于明代中叶,是汶水泥沙淤积和人工挑浚堆积的结果。据此,需重新审视元明会通河成败的原因,讨论明代中叶南旺“水脊”的形成对会通河水源从暴虐黄河水到安稳汶河水的转变的意义及其对明中叶以降治黄原则的深远影响。Historical records after the late Ming Dynasty generally claim that Nanwang has been the“water ridge”occupying a commanding height alongside the Huitong Canal,which is a section of the Grand Canal,since the Yuan Dynasty,and the key determining the success of the Huitong Canal in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties lies in choosing Nanwang“water ridge”as the water diversion hub. This paper proposes that this view is incorrect. Nanwang was originally the last remnant of Liangshanpo with a low-lying terrain. It began to silt up after Song Li diverted Wenshui River water to Nanwang for transportation in the early Ming Dynasty. In the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty,the pivotal position of Nanwang as the water diversion hub was determined. By then the mud and sand dug out and piled up on both sides of the river created a landform of heaped-up hill,hence the“water ridge”image in the eyes of people since the late Ming Dynasty. That is to say,the Nanwang“water ridge”was formed in the Mid Ming Dynasty as a result of natural sediment accumulation and artificial dredging. Based on this,this paper re-examines the reasons determining the success or failure of the Huitong Canal in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and discusses the significance of the formation of the Nanwang“water ridge”on transforming the Huitong Canal from a river depending on the violent Yellow River for water supplies to the one that relies on the stable Wenshui River for water source in the middle of the Ming Dynasty as well as its far-reaching influence on the principle of Yellow River maintenance after the Mid Mind Dynasty.

关 键 词：明代 运河 南旺 水脊 泥沙 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]