膜下滴灌棉花地上干物质积累与分配特征的模拟  

Accumulation and Allocation of Dry Matter in Aboveground Part of Cotton under Mulched Drip Fertigation

作　　者：宁松瑞 颜安 柳维扬[3] NING Songrui;YAN An;LIU Weiyang(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;College of Resources and Environmental,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第10期10-18,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42007008,32160527,41830754);兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003-2);新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项(2020A01003-3);兵团财政科技计划资助项目(2021DB015)。

摘　　要：【目的】模拟和分析不同追肥处理对膜下滴灌棉花地上干物质积累与分配特征的影响。【方法】在南疆盐胁迫棉田设7个氮磷钾追肥处理:CK(0∶0∶0,N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O),A(1∶1∶1),B(1∶0.25∶1.25),C(1∶0.4∶0.27),D(1∶0.23∶0.20),E(1∶0.34∶0.23)和F(1∶0.17∶0),分析棉花地上干物质积累及各器官(叶、茎、蕾铃)分配动态,建立棉花地上干物质积累及各器官分配模型并分析其特征,明确最佳追肥处理。【结果】随生长时间延长,棉花地上干物质积累呈先增后降、叶分配指数呈先增后降、茎分配指数呈下降趋势、蕾铃分配指数呈增加趋势;筛选、建立了基于相对生长时间的棉花地上干物质积累模型和各器官分配模型并确定了参数值。文献数据检验表明2个模型及其参数的普适性及模拟精度(R^(2)为0.7755~0.9928)均较高。利用棉花地上干物质积累模型计算生长特征参数,以地上干物质积累最大速率(V_(m))和快增期持续时长(T_(2))为指标分析棉花干物质积累速率和时间;与CK相比,A、B、C、D、E、F处理的V_(m)增加11.21%、11.32%、13.22%、4.22%、14.30%和10.05%,T_(2)减少4.98%、3.09%、3.66%、2.07%、4.97%和3.85%。棉花产量、肥料农学利用效率分别与V_(m)正相关、与T_(2)负相关。【结论】追肥比例为1∶0.34∶0.23(E处理)促进了快增期的提前、减小了T_(2)并增大了V_(m),利于膜下滴灌棉花地上干物质积累与各器官干物质的合理分配,是南疆棉田最佳的追肥处理。【Objective】Irrigation and fertigation control not only plant growth but also accumulation and partition of dry matters in both above-and below-ground parts.In this paper,we investigated the effect of film-mulched fertigation on accumulation and translocation of dry matter in above-ground part of cotton.【Method】The experiment was conducted at a saline-alkali cotton field in Xinjiang.The cotton was top-dressed by N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O at different N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O ratios:0∶0∶0(CK),1∶1∶1(A),1∶0.25∶1.25(B),1∶0.4∶0.27(C),1∶0.23∶0.20(D),1∶0.34∶0.23(E),and 1∶0.17∶0(F).The fertilizers in all treatments were drip-irrigated with the emitter mulched by film.The accumulation and translocation of the dry matter in leaf,stem and bud bell was measured in each treatment,and a dynamic model was proposed to calculate change in the accumulation and translocation.【Result】As the cotton grew,the accumulation of dry matter increased first followed by a fall,regardless of the treatments.For individual organs,the dry matter index for the leave increased first followed a decline.In contrast,the index for stem decreased continually,while that for the bud and bell increased monotonically.The dynamic model established based on dry matter accumulation and translocation in each organ measured at different stages matched well with the literature results,with R^(2) ranging from 0.7755 to 0.9928.Compared with CK,the treatment A,B,C,D and E and F increased maximum accumulation rate of the dry matter by 11.21%,11.32%,13.22%,4.22%,14.30%and 10.05%,respectively,while reduced dry matter accumulation time by 4.98%,3.09%,3.66%,2.07%,4.97%and 3.85%,respectively.Seed yield and utilization efficiency of fertilizers were closely related to the growth parameters of the dry matter accumulation.【Conclusion】Treatment E was optimal for dry material accumulation in the above-ground part and its translocations to different organs of the cotton under film-mulched drip fertigation.

关 键 词：棉花 归一化方法 干物质积累 生长模拟 肥料效率 

分 类 号：S561[农业科学—作物学] S517