西昆仑“玛尔坎苏式”富锰矿主控因素及成矿模式  

Controlling factors and “Malkansu style” metallogenetic model of high grade manganese ore in West Kunlun orogen

作　　者：张连昌[1,2] 董志国 张帮禄 李文君 彭自栋[1] 王长乐 朱明田[1,2] ZHANG Lianchang;DONG Zhiguo;ZHANG Banglu;LI Wenjun;PENG Zidong;WANG Changle;ZHU Mingtian(Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Development and Research Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《地质学报》2022年第9期3195-3210,共16页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号U1703242);矿产地质调查项目(编号DD20190166-19)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：锰矿是我国战略性紧缺矿种,寻找锰矿尤其是富锰矿是我国地质工作者的迫切任务。在西昆仑造山带的西北段玛尔坎苏地区石炭纪沉积岩系中探明的大型碳酸锰成矿带,是我国近年最重要的富锰矿找矿新发现。然而,目前对该富锰矿带的成矿主要控制因素、形成机制及展布规律等地质问题的认识尚不深入,严重制约了该矿带深部及外围进一步找矿预测工作。本文从成矿地质背景入手,以典型锰矿床地质和地球化学特征的剖析为切入点,通过对比研究国内外典型锰矿的成矿特征,总结出西昆仑玛尔坎苏富锰矿带的控制因素主要包括伸展型边缘盆地、丰富多源的锰质来源、海洋氧化—还原界面的变化、有机质深度参与成岩成矿过程等;初步建立了“玛尔坎苏式”富锰矿的成矿模式,并提出了需要进一步研究的科学问题,这对丰富锰矿成矿理论及进一步找矿预测具有重要意义。Manganese is an important strategic metal that is in severe shortage in China. Therefore, prospecting manganese ore, especially highgrade manganese ore, has been an urgent task for the Chinese geological workers. One large-scale Carboniferous sedimentary manganese carbonate belt has newly discovered in the Malkansu region, the northwestern of the West Kunlun orogenic belt, which is the most significant discovery of manganese ore prospecting in northern China. However, so far, the spatial distribution, the ore-controlling factors and the formation mechanism of this manganese belt remain unknown, resulting in a poor understanding of the further prospecting work in the region. In this paper, on the basis of geological features of this belt, detailed research for typical manganese deposits within this belt, with the compared study of global typical manganese deposits, the controlling factors of the Malkansu manganese-rich ore belt in the West Kunlun are summarized. These key factors include extensional basins on the continental margin, multi-source manganese source, changes in the marine oxidation-reduction boundary, and intense involvement of organic matter in diagenesis and mineralization. In this study the “Malkansu style” metallogenic model of manganese-rich ore was initially established, and some scientific problems that need further study were suggested. This work would lay a solid foundation for enriching manganese ore mineralization theory and the prospecting in the future.

关 键 词：沉积碳酸锰矿床 富锰矿 石炭纪 控矿因素 “玛尔坎苏式”锰矿成矿模式 西昆仑 

分 类 号：P618.32[天文地球—矿床学]