紫云英还田与化肥减量配施对土壤氮素供应和水稻生长的影响  

Effects of Chinese milk vetch incorporation and chemical fertilizer reduction on soil nitrogen supply and rice growth

作　　者：张济世 张琳 丁丽 刘春增[1] 吕玉虎 郑春风[1] 张成兰 聂良鹏 曹卫东[3] 张玉亭[1] ZHANG Ji-shi;ZHANG Lin;DING Li;LIU Chun-zeng;LÜYu-hu;ZHENG Chun-feng;ZHANG Cheng-lan;NIE Liang-peng;CAO Wei-dong;ZHANG Yu-ting(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang,Henan 464000,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳464000 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第10期1793-1803,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2022TD37);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD01700203);国家绿肥产业技术体系项目(CARS-22-G-06)。

摘　　要：【目的】紫云英还田替代化肥是我国南方稻田可持续生产的重要措施。研究紫云英与化肥减量配施比例对水稻地上部群体特征与土壤氮素供应的影响,以期为实现水稻绿色可持续生产提供理论依据。【方法】定位试验始于2008年,设置了7个处理,包括不施肥(CK),单施化肥(F100),紫云英还田22.5 t/hm^(2)配施化肥用量的100%、80%、60%和40%(MVF100、MVF80、MVF60和MVF40),以及紫云英单独还田处理(MV),其中磷肥用量不变。在水稻分蘖盛期、孕穗期和成熟期采样,分析水稻茎蘖动态变化、干物质积累与转运、地上部氮素积累量、氮素吸收利用率及根层土壤无机氮含量,计算各处理稻田土壤氮素表观损失量。【结果】与CK相比,F100处理提高了土壤无机氮含量和地上部氮素积累量,进而增加了干物质积累量24.01%~35.35%;虽然提高了不同时期的茎蘖数,却增加了无效分蘖,降低了成穗率。与F100处理相比,MVF80处理显著增加了水稻孕穗期和成熟期的土壤无机氮含量,提高了地上部氮素积累量,促进了干物质向穗中的转运,从而使成熟期的地上部干物质积累量和氮素积累量分别提高了7.14%和18.74%,尤其是使穗的干物质积累量和氮素积累量分别提高了10.96%和19.20%;而MVF100处理显著增加了成熟期土壤无机氮含量和地上部氮素积累量,最终使成熟期的地上部干物质积累量和氮素积累量分别提高了8.52%和24.54%,尤其是使秸秆的干物质积累量和氮素积累量分别提高了12.75%和46.13%。MVF60较F100处理显著提高了孕穗期的土壤无机氮含量,增加了孕穗期后干物质输入穗的量。与F100处理相比,MVF40和MV处理分别使氮素表观损失量显著降低了27.14%和63.83%,而MVF100处理使氮素表观损失量显著增加了36.15%,其他处理与F100处理无显著差异。【结论】紫云英还田替代适量化肥提高了稻田土壤氮素供应能力,促进了水稻关键生育时�【Objectives】Chinese milk vetch(MV)incorporation with reduced chemical fertilizer application is a potential measure for the sustainable production of paddy fields in southern China.This study was designed to investigate how incorporating a proportional amount of Chinese milk vetch to the quantity of chemical fertilizer reduction impacts the aboveground population of rice and soil nitrogen supply.We aim to provide a theoretical basis for achieving green and sustainable rice production.【Methods】The experiment commenced in 2018 and had seven treatments,including no fertilizer application(CK),pure chemical fertilizer(F100),and MV incorporation at 22.5 t/hm^(2)together with 100%,80%,60%,40%,and 0%of the pure chemical fertilizer(MVF100,MVF 80,MVF 60,MVF 40,and MV).All the treatments received an equal amount of P fertilizer.Samples(plants and soil)were collected at the peak of tillering,booting,and maturity stages.Data were collected on tiller number,dry matter accumulation and transport,aboveground N accumulation(ANA),N recovery rate(NRE),and soil mineral N content(Nmin).Also,we calculate the apparent N loss in paddy soil.【Results】Compared with CK,F100 increased Nmin and ANA and dry matter accumulation by 24.01%-35.35%.F100 increased the total tiller number across the growth stages,mainly in ineffective tillers with reduced panicle rate.Compared with F100,MVF80(P<0.05)increased Nmin at the booting and maturity stages,promoted dry matter transportation to the panicle,and increased the aboveground dry matter and N accumulation at maturity by 7.14%and 18.74%.It also enhanced the dry matter and N accumulation in panicle by 10.96%and 19.20%,respectively.MVF100(P<0.05)increased Nmin and ANA at maturity and the aboveground dry matter and N accumulation by 8.52%and 24.54%.Interestingly,the straw dry matter and N accumulation increased by 12.75%and 46.13%,respectively.Compared to F100,MVF60(P<0.05)increased Nmin at the booting stage and increased the dry matter transfer into panicle after booting.Compared with F100,

关 键 词：紫云英与化肥配施 水稻生长 氮素积累 土壤无机氮 氮素表观损失 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]