不同地力水平和施氮量下水稻优质高产的氮肥有机替代比例  

A suitable replacement ratio of organic nitrogen for high rice yield and quality under different soil fertility levels and nitrogen application rates

作　　者：肖大康 丁紫娟 胡仁 杨朔 聂玺斌 黄飞 刘若伟 侯俊 张卫峰[3] 赵帅翔 XIAO Da-kang;DING Zi-juan;HU Ren;YANG Shuo;NIE Xi-bin;HUANG Fei;LIU Ruo-wei;HOU Jun;ZHANG Wei-feng;ZHAO Shuai-xiang(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wet Land,Ministry of Education,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China;Hubei Heiguli Biotechnology Co.,LTD,Huanggang,Hubei 438000,China;College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]湖北黑咕力生物科技有限公司,湖北黄冈438000 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第10期1804-1815,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：衢州市农业碳中和账户建设(衢农合2021-27);长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF202109);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200705)。

摘　　要：【目的】氮肥有机替代可减少化肥投入同时消纳有机废弃物,是促进水稻绿色生产的关键技术之一。然而,适宜的氮肥有机替代比例还有待进一步明确。【方法】本研究综合已发表有关水稻氮肥有机替代的71篇文章,分别获取水稻产量和籽粒含氮量田间试验相关数据412组和133组,通过整合分析(meta-analysis)量化不同氮肥有机替代比例对水稻产量和籽粒含氮量的影响,并探究不同土壤条件和施氮水平下适宜的有机替代比例。【结果】适宜的氮肥有机替代比例有利于水稻产量和籽粒含氮量的提升,土壤有机质含量高(>25 g/kg)、中(15~25 g/kg)、低(≤15 g/kg)水平下,获取最高水稻产量的适宜有机替代比例分别是60%、70%、30%;无论土壤全氮含量高(>1.5 g/kg)、中(1~1.5 g/kg)或者低(≤1 g/kg),适宜的有机替代比例均不超过60%。土壤速效氮含量高(>150 mg/kg)和低(≤90 mg/kg)水平下,适宜的有机替代比例均是10%~30%,速效氮中等水平下(90~150 mg/kg)有机替代处理产量增加不显著。高水平施氮量(>250 kg/hm^(2))下产量最高的有机替代比例为20%,低水平施氮量(≤150 kg/hm^(2))下产量最高的有机替代比例为10%,中水平施氮量(150~250 kg/hm^(2))下产量最高的有机替代比例为70%。随着有机替代比例的增加,水稻籽粒含氮量呈现先增后降趋势,含氮量最高的有机替代比例为30%。【结论】土壤有机质和全氮含量高的地区,氮肥有机替代比例可以适当提高到60%~70%,中低水平地区有机替代比例则需降低至30%左右。土壤速效氮含量高和低水平下,有机替代比例超过30%,水稻增产不显著或显著降低。施氮量高和低水平下,维持水稻高产的适宜有机替代比例分别是20%和10%。在氮肥有机替代比例不超过30%的情况下,水稻籽粒的含氮量能显著提高。【Objective】Organic substitution of nitrogen(N)fertilizers to reduce chemical fertilizer inputs and eliminate organic wastes is one of the key technologies promoting green rice production.However,the appropriate substitution ratio of organic N fertilizer is yet to be established,requiring urgent attention.【method】In this study,we synthesized 71 published articles on the organic substitution of N fertilizer in rice production.412 and 133 field trial data were obtained on rice yield and grain N content.We used meta-analysis to quantify the effect f the rate of organic N substitution(RS)on rice yield and grain N content to explore the appropriate RS under different soil conditions and N application levels.【Results】Appropriate replacement of organic N fertilizer improved rice yield and grain N content.The soil organic matter content recorded ranged from high(>25 g/kg),medium(15-25 g/kg),to low(≤15 g/kg)levels.The suitable RS for obtaining the highest rice yield were 60%,70%,and 30%,respectively.When the soil total N was high(>1.5 g/kg),medium(1-1.5 g/kg)or low(≤1 g/kg),the suitable RS was not more than 60%.Under high(>150 mg/kg)and low(≤90 mg/kg)levels of soil available N,the suitable RS was 10%-30%.At the medium level of soil available N(90-150 mg/kg),RS did not influence rice yield(P>0.05).Under the high N application rate(>250 kg/hm^(2)),the RS with the highest yield was 20%,10%for low N(≤150 kg/hm^(2)),and 70%for medium N(150-250 kg/hm^(2)).With the increase of RS,the nitrogen content of rice grains increased first and then decreased.The RS with the highest nitrogen content was 30%.【Conclusion】The RS can be appropriately increased to 60%-70%in areas with high soil organic matter and total nitrogen content.The RS needs to be reduced to about 30%in low and medium levels.Under the high and low levels of available soil nitrogen,there was no change in rice yield when the RS was more than 30%.The optimum RS for maintaining high rice yield was 20%and 10%under high and low nitrogen application leve

关 键 词：氮肥 有机肥替代 产量 水稻 籽粒含氮量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]