施氮量对穗期高温胁迫下玉米叶片光合生理及产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rate on photosynthetic physiology of maize leaves and yield under high temperature stress at ear stage

作　　者：马昕 蔡丰乐 穆心愿 李鸿萍 邵瑞鑫 李树岩[3] 徐佳敏 王帅丽 卢良涛 赵霞[2] 赵亚丽 刘天学 MA Xin;CAI Feng-le;MU Xin-yuan;LI Hong-ping;SHAO Rui-xin;LI Shu-yan;XU Jia-min;WANG Shuai-li;LU Liang-tao;ZHAO Xia;ZHAO Ya-li;LIU Tian-xue(Agronomy College,Henan Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development of Ministry of Education,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;Cereal Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002;Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique,Zhengzhou,Henan 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室/作物生长发育调控教育部重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,河南郑州450002 [3]河南省气象科学研究所/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第10期1852-1866,共15页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300704)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同施氮量对玉米穗期高温胁迫下光合生理及产量的影响,为合理施氮实现玉米抗逆稳产提供理论依据。【方法】2020—2021年开展人工模拟高温田间试验。以耐热型品种郑单958(Zhengdan 958)和热敏感型品种先玉335(Xianyu 335)为材料;设置3个施氮量,分别为低氮(N 90 kg/hm^(2),N90)、中氮(N 180 kg/hm^(2),N180)和高氮(N 270 kg/hm^(2),N270)。在玉米第11片叶展开期至抽雄期进行高温处理(HT),分别持续12天(2020年)和9天(2021年),以田间自然生长的植株为对照(CK),处理期间高温和对照的日最高温度均值分别为41.9℃、35.9℃(2020年)和40.8℃、37.7℃(2021年),昼夜温差均值分别为19.3℃、13.0℃(2020年)和18.1℃、14.8℃(2021年),调查两个品种穗位叶的光合色素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、光合酶活性、籽粒产量及产量构成因素,分析温度、品种和施氮量三者之间的互作效应。【结果】1)高温胁迫提高了两个玉米品种穗位叶的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase)和核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)活性,降低了穗位叶光合色素含量、净光合速率(P_(n))、叶绿素荧光参数和产量,高温对热敏感型品种先玉335的影响大于耐热型品种郑单958。2)在对照条件下,两个品种的光合色素含量、P_(n)、最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、PEPCase活性、Rubisco活性、籽粒产量及产量构成因素随着施氮量的增加而增加;在高温条件下,则随施氮量增加呈先升后降趋势,均以N180处理最高。3)品种、温度、施氮量及温度×施氮量的互作效应对光合性能指标和产量均具有极显著影响(P<0.01)。与对照相比,高温条件下3个氮肥用量中N270处理的各项指标降幅最大,说明在高温条件下高氮加剧了玉米穗位叶光合性能减弱,加深了高温危害,且先玉335表现更明显。4)相关分析表明,两个品种的产量与穗粗、穗粒数、光合色素含量、P_(【Objectives】We investigated the effects of different N application rates on photosynthetic physiology and yield of maize under high temperature stress at ear stage.【Methods】Artificial high temperature stress experiment was carried out in 2020-2021.Three N application rates were low nitrogen(N 90 kg/hm^(2),N90),medium N(N 180 kg/hm^(2),N180)and high N(N 270 kg/hm^(2),N270),while the maize cultivars were heat resistant cultivar Zhengdan 958(ZD 958)and heat susceptive cultivar Xianyu 335(XY 335).High temperature(HT)treatment lasted for 12 days(2020)and 9 days(2021)from the 11th leaf development stage to tasseling stage,and the naturally growing plants were used as the control(CK).The mean daily maximum temperatures of high temperature and control during the treatment period were 41.9℃,35.9℃(2020)and 40.8℃,37.7℃(2021),and the mean temperature difference between day and night were 19.3℃,13.0℃(2020)and 18.1℃,14.8℃(2021).The photosynthetic pigment content,photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,photosynthetic enzyme activity,grain yield and yield components in ear leaves of the two varieties were investigated,and the interaction among temperature,cultivars and N application rate was analyzed.【Results】1)From the 11th leaf development stage to tasseling stage,high temperature stress increased the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPCase)and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco),and decreased the content of photosynthetic pigment,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of ear leaves,and the maize yield of two cultivars.The effect of high temperature on heat susceptive cultivar XY 335 was greater than heat resistant cultivar ZD 958.2)Under the control condition,photosynthetic pigment content,Pn,maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),PEPCase activity,Rubisco activity,grain yield and yield components of the two cultivars increased with the increase of N application rate.Under the high temperature condition,they showed a t

关 键 词：玉米 施氮量 高温胁迫 光合生理 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]