基于西瓜产量的推荐施肥量及化肥减施潜力分析  

Recommended fertilization rates based on watermelon yield and fertilizer reduction potential

作　　者：包蕾 张赛峰 秦济民 张会梅[2] 王培周 周建斌[1] 陈竹君[1] BAO Lei;ZHANG Sai-feng;QIN Ji-min;ZHANG Hui-mei;WANG Pei-zhou;ZHOU Jian-bin;CHEN Zhu-jun(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第9期1558-1568,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201300);西北农林科技大学试验示范基地科技创新与成果转化项目(2020)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对不同区域西瓜主产区养分管理存在的问题,查清不同区域西瓜不同产量水平下养分需求量,提出化肥减施增效的关键技术措施,为西瓜产业绿色持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】基于多点肥料试验数据及收集文献中西瓜产量和养分吸收数据,分析单位经济产量养分需求量。实地调研22个西瓜主产省、市及自治区主产地种植大户西瓜产量、有机肥、化肥施用种类和量及施肥和灌水方式,结合《中国统计年鉴(2020)》中各地西瓜产量水平,依据不同区域西瓜目标产量养分需求量、土壤肥力水平调整系数,文献推荐施肥量及田间试验验证,综合确定不同产量水平下推荐施肥量,评估不同区域化肥减施潜力。【结果】不同省、市、自治区西瓜平均产量为11.9~58.8 t/hm^(2),化肥N、P_(2)O_(5)及K_(2)O投入量平均分别为190.7~380.7、162.9~349.5及62.7~492.5 kg/hm^(2);南方省市区平均产量为32.1 t/hm^(2),化肥N、P_(2)O_(5)及K_(2)O投入量平均分别为250.2、217.0及236.9 kg/hm^(2);北方省市区产量平均45.6 t/hm^(2),化肥N、P_(2)O_(5)及K_(2)O投入量平均分别为264.1、245.8及291.9 kg/hm^(2)。生产1 t西瓜N、P_(2)O_(5)及K_(2)O需求量分别为2.0、0.83、3.3 kg。产量水平30~40、40~50、50~60、60~70及70~95 t/hm^(2)时推荐合理的化肥施N量分别为90~120、110~150、130~170、150~205、170~230 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)施用量分别为45~65、55~75、65~85、70~95、80~110kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O施用量分别为110~150、125~170、150~205、170~230、185~250 kg/hm^(2)。不同地区农户平均施用氮、磷、钾化肥量分别是推荐量的1.3~3.0、1.9~5.5、0.3~2.5倍,氮、磷、钾化肥的减施潜力分别为22.7%~66.5%、47.8%~81.7%、–187.1%~59.4%,平均分别为43.0%、68.7%、12.2%;全国西瓜主产区化肥氮磷养分投入均普遍过量,钾养分过量和不足并存,氮磷钾养分投入中磷肥比例偏高,南方地区化肥减施潜力大于�【Objectives】We studied the nutrient requirements of watermelon for different yield levels in different watermelon production areas in China to propose the key technical measures for reducing fertilizer application rate and increasing fertilizer use efficiency.【Methods】We analyzed the nutrient uptake level for producing 1 t economic yield using data from multi-point fertilizer experiments and literature on watermelon yield and nutrient uptake.We surveyed watermelon yield,organic and chemical fertilizer types and application rates,fertilizer and irrigation methods of farmers with large cultivation areas in 22 major watermelon producing provinces,cities and autonomous regions in China,and referred to the watermelon yield of various regions in the national statistical yearbook of China.We proposed recommended fertilizer rate under different yield levels and fertilizer reduction potential in different regions based on the target yield nutrient requirements of watermelon in different regions,the soil fertility level adjustment coefficients,recommended fertilizer rate in literature and the results verified in field experiments.【Results】The average yield range of watermelon across the watermelon producing provinces,cities and autonomous regions was 11.9–58.8 t/hm^(2),and the fertilizer inputs(N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O)range were 190.7–380.7,162.9–349.5,and 62.7–492.5 kg/hm^(2)respectively.The average yield of watermelon across provinces and cities in southern China was 32.1 t/hm^(2)and average fertilizer inputs(N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O)were 250.2,217.0,236.9 kg/hm^(2)respectively.The average yield of watermelon across provinces and cities in northern China was 45.6 t/hm^(2)and the average inputs(N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O)were 264.1,245.8,and 291.9kg/hm^(2)respectively.The nutrient demands for N,P_(2)O_(5),and K_(2)O to produce 1 t watermelon were 2.0,0.83,3.3 kg respectively.When the yield level was 30–40,40–50,50–60,60–70,and 70–95 t/hm^(2),the recommended fertilizer N application rate was 90–1

关 键 词：西瓜 施肥现状 养分需求 推荐施肥 减肥措施 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]