长期施磷黑土中磷的吸附–解吸特征及其影响因素  

Phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics as affected by long-term phosphorus application in black soil

作　　者：王琼 陈延华 张乃于[1] 秦贞涵 金玉文 朱平 彭畅[5] Colinet Gilles[2] 张淑香 WANG Qiong;CHEN Yan-hua;ZHANG Nai-yu;QIN Zhen-han;JIN Yu-wen;ZHU Ping;PENG Chang;Colinet Gilles;ZHANG Shu-xiang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land,Beijing 100081,China;TERRA,Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech,University of Liege,Gembloux,5030,Belgium;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China;Agricultural Environment and Resources Center,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun,Jilin 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081 [2]TERRA,Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech,University of Liege,Gembloux 5030,Belgium [3]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [4]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000 [5]吉林省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究中心,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第9期1569-1581,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1500205);国家自然科学基金项目(41977103)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较长期不施磷与施磷黑土对外源磷的吸附–解吸特征,为黑土区磷素管理提供理论基础。【方法】供试黑土长期定位试验位于吉林省公主岭市,始于1990年。2018年选择其中不施肥(CK),施氮钾肥(NK),施氮磷钾肥(NPK)和氮磷钾+有机肥(NPK+M)4个处理小区,采集0—20、20—40和40—60 cm土层的土壤样品,分析了土壤理化性质,采用恒温平衡法测定了土壤磷的吸附–解吸特征,并由此计算得到磷最大吸附量(Q)、吸附亲和力常数(K_(Q))、最大缓冲容量(MBC)、磷吸附饱和度(DPS)、最大解吸量(D_(m))和解吸率(D_(r))。【结果】随着平衡溶液中磷浓度的增加,磷的吸附量与解吸量均呈先快速增加后逐渐趋于平衡的过程。与不施磷处理(CK和NK)土壤相比,施磷处理(NPK、NPK+M)减少了磷的吸附量,增加了磷的解吸量。与不施磷处理相比,施磷处理在0—60 cm剖面上的Q和MBC值分别降低了4.94%~63.46%和15.90%~75.18%,Dr值增加了8.52%~474.0%,以NPK+M处理变化量最大。施磷处理比不施磷处理在0—60 cm土壤剖面上全磷和有机质含量分别增加了34.40%~145.5%和12.77%~50.07%,游离态铁铝氧化物(Fe_(d)+Al_(d))含量降低了5.14%~11.35%。冗余分析表明,不施磷处理土壤的有机质、Fe_(d)+Al_(d)和全磷,以及施磷处理中的Fe_(d)+Al_(d)、络合态铁铝氧化物(Fe_(d)+Al_(d))、pH和有机质是影响磷吸附解吸特征参数的主要土壤因子,分别解释了不施磷和施磷处理全部变异的77.59%和90.62%。土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)与磷吸附饱和度(DPS)相关关系表明,所研究的黑土DPS环境界限值为8%左右,NPK+M处理中3个土层的DPS值(由Mehlich-3浸提的磷、铁和铝计算)为7.77%~25.96%,DPS值(由Olsen-P和Q计算)为17.24%~24.75%,均高于此环境界限值,具有磷素流失的风险。【结论】长期施磷降低了黑土对外源磷的吸附量,增加了磷解吸量。长期不施磷肥,土壤对磷的吸附和解吸主要受有机质、�【Objectives】Comparison of Padsorption-desorption characteristics in long-term soil treated with and without Pfertilizer can provide a theoretical basis for Pmanagement in black soils.【Methods】The longterm field trial on black soil started in 1990 in Gongzhuling City,Jilin Province.The four treatments were no fertilizer(CK treatment),nitrogen(N)and potassium(K_(Q))fertilizers(NK treatment),NPK fertilizers(NPK treatment),and NPK+manure(NPK+M treatment).We analyzed soil physicochemical properties.Soil Padsorption-desorption characteristic parameters[maximum adsorption capacity(Q),adsorption constant(K_(Q)),maximum soil Pbuffering capacity(MBC),degree of Psorption saturation(DPS),maximum desorption capacity(D_(m)),and desorption ratio(D_(r))]in different soil layers were determined using isothermal adsorption and desorption experiment.【Results】The adsorbed and desorbed Pincreased initially and stabilized with increasing Pconcentration in the equilibrium solution.Compared to the untreated soil,the adsorbed Pdecreased,and desorped Pincreased in the soil treated with Pfertilizers.Compared to the untreated soil,Qand MBC decreased by4.94%-63.46%and 15.90%-75.18%,while Dincreased by 8.52%-474.0%in the 0-60 cm soil profile.Notably,the most significant changes were recorded in the NPK+M treatment.The long-term Pinput increased total Pand soil organic matter(SOM)by 34.40%-145.5%and 12.77%-50.07%,decreased the free iron and aluminum oxide(Fe_(d)+Al_(d))by 5.14%-11.35%in different soil layers compared to the soil without Pfertilizer.SOM,Fe_(d)+Al_(d),and total Pin the soil without Pfertilizer(P<0.05),as well as Fed+Ald,organic-bound iron and alumina oxide(Fe_(d)+Al_(d)),pH,and SOM in the soil with Pfertilizers were the main factors influencing the differences in the characteristic parameters of Padsorption and desorption.The main factors explained 77.59%and 90.62%of the total variation in the soil without Pand with Pfertilizers,respectively.The correlation between Olsen-Pand DPS showed that the DPS threshold value f

关 键 词：黑土 长期施肥 磷吸附–解吸 磷流失 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52