供磷水平对苗期小麦地上和地下部性状关联性的影响  

Effects of phosphorus supply level on the correlations between shoot and root traits of wheat at seedling stage

作　　者：蒲子天 张弛 张佳崎 张瑞芳 王红[2,3,4] 王鑫鑫 PU Zi-tian;ZHANG Chi;ZHANG Jia-qi;ZHANG Rui-fang;WANG Hong;WANG Xin-xin(College of Resources and Environment Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China;Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center of National North Mountainous Area,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China;Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China;Hebei Agricultural University Hebei Mountain Research Institute,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071001 [2]国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心,河北保定071001 [3]河北省山区农业技术创新中心,河北保定071001 [4]河北农业大学河北省山区研究所,河北保定071001

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第9期1594-1602,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费研究项目(KY202011);河北省小麦丰产全元养分测土配方施肥技术集成与示范(19226422D);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300503)。

摘　　要：【目的】磷素是植物生长发育过程中必需的大量元素之一,土壤磷水平的高低对植物地上部和地下部性状有着显著的影响。探究高、低磷水平对小麦地上和地下部性状变化以及地上和地下部性状相关性变化的影响,为研究不同磷环境对小麦生长的影响,选育适应不同磷环境的优良小麦品种提供参考。【方法】小麦品种和磷水平双因素盆栽试验在河北农业大学温室内进行,供试土壤有效磷含量为5.50 mg/kg。试验设置0和200mg/kg两个施磷水平;选用10个小麦品种。小麦分别在两个磷水平下生长35天后收获,测定小麦幼苗地上部性状(干重、相对生长速率、地上部磷吸收量、地上部磷含量和叶绿素含量)和根部性状(根干重、根长、根冠比、比根长、根直径、细根比例、根组织密度、根际土壤pH和酸性磷酸酶活性)。【结果】与高磷处理相比,低磷处理小麦地上部干重、地上部磷吸收量以及地上部磷含量分别显著降低了57.9%~72.2%、85.7%~89.8%、61.3%~71.7%,小麦根长、细根比例、根组织密度、根冠比以及比根长分别增加了50.9%~249.5%、32.5%~442.5%、–34.5%~400.0%、27.4%~198.9%、74.4%~395.3%,酸性磷酸酶活性提升了–8.1%~120.9%。在低磷条件下,小麦有32组地上和地下部性状间显著相关,在高磷条件下只有20组性状显著相关;低磷处理小麦地上和地下部协同相关性较高磷处理提升了60%。【结论】低磷条件下,小麦地上和地下部性状关联性较高,高磷供给弱化了小麦地上和地下部性状的关联性。【Objectives】The availability of soil P has a significant influence on the traits of above-and belowground parts of plants.We studied the changes of shoot and root traits of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)under high and low P supply conditions,to clarify their correlations.【Methods】A pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Hebei Agricultural University.The test soil available P was 5.50 mg/kg,and P application rate of 0 and 200 mg/kg were set up to simulate low and high P supply conditions(LP,HP).10 wheat varieties,with P efficiency of mid value about 0.12,were selected as test plant materials.Wheat plants were grown for 35 days and harvested for the determination of five above-ground traits(shoot dry weight,relative growth rate,shoot P uptake,shoot P content and SPAD)and nine below-ground traits(root dry weight,root length,root/shoot ratio,specific root length,root diameter,proportion of fine root length,root tissue density,rhizosphere soil pH and acid phosphatase activity).【Results】Compared with HP,LP treatment significantly reduced shoot dry weight,P uptake and P content of wheat shoot by 57.9%–72.2%,85.7%–89.8%,61.3%–71.7%;significantly increased root length,proportion of fine root length,root tissue density,root shoot ratio and specific root length by 50.9%–249.5%,32.5%–442.5%,–34.5%–400.0%,27.4%–198.9%,74.4%–395.3%;significantly increased acid phosphatase activity by–8.1%–120.9%.There were 32 pairs of traits significantly correlated between aboveand below-ground part of wheat under LP condition,and only 20 pairs significantly correlated under high P condition.The correlation between above-and below-ground traits of wheat under low P condition was 60%higher than that under HP.【Conclusions】The correlations between the shoot and root traits of wheat are relatively high under low P condition,but high P supply reduced these correlations between above-and belowground traits.

关 键 词：小麦 供磷水平 地上部性状 地下部性状 地上部地下部性状相关性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]