香港地区收入分配制度缺陷及其社会影响与对策建议  

Flaws of Hong Kong’s Income Distribution System: Social Impact and Countermeasures

作　　者：王春新 林志军[2] Wang Chunxin;Lin Zhijun

机构地区：[1]中银香港,中国香港 [2]澳门科技大学,中国澳门

出　　处：《港澳研究》2022年第3期60-70,95,共12页Hong Kong and Macao Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金社科学术社团主题学术活动“‘一国两制’在香港的实践与经验研究”(批准号:22STA003)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文从初次分配中劳动报酬占比、基尼系数、贫困率、中产阶层塌陷以及行业收入差距、职业收入差距和南北收入差距等视角,充分展示香港地区收入分配制度缺陷及其表现,全面剖析香港地区收入分配制度缺陷的社会反应及其影响,深入探讨产生收入分配问题的四大深层诱因——经济结构问题、土地及房屋问题、税收制度和财政政策问题,以及政府“不作为、不干预”政策等等,并就解决香港地区收入分配问题提出五项政策主张,包括着眼深层次社会矛盾,改革收入分配制度;改革税收制度,扩大政府收入和治理功能;加快经济结构调整,增加新增长极;保护居权,转变房屋发展模式;加强社会保障和医疗系统。建议新一届特区政府立即采取行动,尽快修正收入分配制度缺陷,让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体市民。This paper exposes the flaws of Hong Kong’s income distribution system and their manifestations in the following aspects: the proportion of labor remuneration in primary distribution,Gini coefficient, poverty rate, the collapse of the middle class, and the income gap across industries,across occupations and between southern and northern Hong Kong, and examines social response to these flaws and their impact. It then moves on to discuss four deep-seated causes: the economic structure, the land and housing problem, the tax system and fiscal policy, and the SAR government’s“inaction and non-intervention”. The authors put forward five policy recommendations: reform the income distribution system to address deep-seated social contradictions;reform the tax system, increase the government’s tax revenue and strengthen its governance functions;accelerate economic restructuring, and create new growth poles;protect the housing right and change the model of housing development;and strengthen social security and the healthcare system. The SAR administration is advised to take actions immediately to rectify these flaws as soon as possible to ensure the fruits of development are of greater and more equitable benefit to the people.

关 键 词：收入分配 制度缺陷 社会治理 税收制度改革 房屋政策 

分 类 号：F126.2[经济管理—世界经济]