我国社会工作政策的变迁历程和演化逻辑——基于1987—2020年118份国家级政策文本的量化分析  

The Change Process and Evolution Logic of China’s Social Work Policy:A Quantitative Analysis Based on 118 National Policy Texts from 1987 to 2020

作　　者：叶托[1,2] 余莉 陈丽丽 YE Tuo;YU Li;CHEN Lili(School of Public Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640;Social Work Research Center,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学公共管理学院,广东广州510640 [2]华南理工大学社会工作研究中心,广东广州510640

出　　处：《长白学刊》2022年第6期119-130,共12页Changbai Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“政府购买城市社区公共服务的关系合同治理研究”(20CZZ028);2019年广东省自然科学基金面上项目“公共服务外包背景下政府与社会组织合作的影响因素、动态演化与提升策略”(2019A1515011237)。

摘　　要：社会工作在社会治理和公共服务中的作用日趋凸显,而这背后离不开国家政策的引导和支持。本文以1987—2020年国家层面出台的118份社会工作发展政策文本为分析对象,依据政策数量变化情况和标志性政策,将我国社会工作政策变迁过程划分为三个阶段,即1987—2005年的缓慢恢复阶段、2006—2010年的初步发展阶段和2011—2020年的迅猛发展阶段。通过社会网络分析和文本分析两种研究方法进一步发现,我国社会工作政策的演变逻辑为政策主体从零星分散先转向局部合作再转为全面合作,政策体系从单一化先转向多元化再转为系统化,政策工具从结构失衡先转向结构趋衡再转为结构均衡。在未来,社会工作政策应该注重政策发展的稳定性和创新性,提升政策主体网络的协同性和多中心性,加强政策体系的整体性和科学性,提高政策工具的针对性和有效性。Social work plays an increasingly prominent role in social governance and public services,which depends on the guidance and support of public policies.Taking 118 social work policy texts issued at the central governmental level from 1987 to 2020 as the analysis object,this paper divides the change process of China’s social work policy into three stages according to the change of policy quantity and landmark policies:the slow recovery stage from 1987 to 2005,the preliminary development stage from 2006 to 2010 and the rapid development stage from 2011 to 2020.Based on social network analysis and text analysis,it is further found that the evolution logic of China’s social work policy is as follows.The policy subject network experiences three stages:from the dispersed state to the partial cooperation and then to the comprehensive cooperation.The policy system experiences three stages:from the simplification to the diversification and then to the systematization.The policy tools experiences three stages:from the structural imbalance to the structural balance and then to the structural equilibrium.In the future,social work policy should pay attention to the stability and innovation of policy development,improve the synergy and polycentricity of policy network,strengthen the integrity and scientificity of policy system,and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of policy tools.

关 键 词：社会工作 政策变迁 政策主体 政策体系 政策工具 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学] C916[政治法律—中外政治制度]