美国刑法中的人身防卫制度及启示  

Personal Defense System and Enlightenment in the American Criminal Law

作　　者：姜娇 Jiang Jiao(Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院刑事法律科学研究中心,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《湖北警官学院学报》2022年第5期128-141,共14页Journal of Hubei University of Police

基　　金：湖南省科研创新项目“中国外商投资企业知识产权保护法治化研究”(CX20200466)。

摘　　要：人身防卫制度是美国刑法防卫制度中的基础形式,分成为保护自己人身利益进行的防卫和为保护他人人身利益进行的防卫。在人身防卫制度中,美国刑法规定的内容详尽、分类具体,对人身权益的保护予以特别重视,防卫对象和防卫武力的类型区分是其中的亮点内容。立足于我国目前的正当防卫制度,可以借鉴美国人身防卫制度中的积极因素,在分析与公民人身权益有关的案件中,对防卫对象进行类型性之区分;根据加害人实施侵害的严重性对防卫人防卫武力进行程度划分;在防卫案件的适用理念上,侧重从防卫人的主观立场出发,结合客观层面去认定防卫行为的合理性。The personal defense system is the basic form of the defense system of the American criminal law, which is divided into two parts: the defense to protect the personal interests of oneself and the defense to protect the personal interests of others. In the personal defense system,the contents of the United States are detailed and specific, and special attention is paid to the protection of personal rights and interests, the distinction between the types of defensive objects and defensive forces is the highlight. Based on the current system of justifiable defense in China, we can draw lessons from the positive factors of the American personal defense system, and distinguish the types of defense objects in the analysis of cases related to citizens’ personal rights and interests;The degree of defense force shall be divided according to the severity of the assault committed by the perpetrator;In the application concept of defense cases, it focuses on determining the rationality of defense behavior from the subjective position of the defender and the objective level.

关 键 词：人身防卫 正当防卫 防卫自身 防卫他人 防卫武力 防卫人 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]