论FTAs人权规则:制度、挑战与中国应对  

On FTAs Human Rights Rules:Statutes,Challenges and China’s Response

作　　者：马忠法[1] 谢迪扬 Ma Zhongfa;Xie Diyang

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《南海法学》2022年第5期25-42,共18页The South China Sea Law Journal

基　　金：中国人权研究会“构建人类命运共同体理念与全球人权治理研究”(CSHRS2020-26YB);国家社会科学重大项目“构建人类命运共同体国际法治创新研究”(18ZDA153);国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘人类命运共同体’国际法理论与实践研究”(18AFX025)。

摘　　要：西方国家对多边、单边人权治理效果不满,因而转向FTAs人权治理新平台。其在西式人权观指导下,将大量有关自由权、社会权、请求权、平等权的人权规则嵌入FTAs制度体系,并允许适用争端解决机制。FTAs人权规则虽在一定程度上促进了国际人权治理,如人权标准的精细化、人权规则约束力的强化等,但造成了人权权利的选择性保护、人权保护标准西方化、人权规则碎片化加剧、人权保护义务分配不公平等问题,可能动摇多边人权治理格局,架空发展中国家凭借多年团结奋斗才取得的治理地位、话语权和自主性。对此,中国应积极应对,尽可能消减西式人权规则的负面影响;依照多边人权治理理念,发展双边、区域贸易制度中的人权规则,作为提升我国人权治理话语权的新路径。Western countries are dissatisfied with the effect of multilateral and unilateral human rights governance,so they turn to the new platform of FTAs human rights governance.Under the guidance of the western concept of human rights,it embeds a large number of human rights rules related to the right to freedom,social rights,the right to request,and the right to equality into the FTAs system,and allows the application of dispute settlement.Although FTAs human rights rules have promoted international human rights governance to some extent,such as the refinement of human rights standards and the strengthening of the binding force of human rights rules;However,it has caused such problems as selective protection of human rights,westernization of protection standards,intensification of fragmentation of rules,unfair distribution of protection obligations.It may shake the structure of multilateral human rights governance and overshadow the governance status,voice and autonomy that developing countries have achieved through years of unity and struggle.In this regard,China should actively respond and try to reduce the negative impact of Western-style human rights rules;In accordance with the concept of multilateral human rights governance,we should develop human rights rules in bilateral and regional trade systems as a new way to enhance the discourse power of China’s human rights governance.

关 键 词：FTA 人权 中国应对 

分 类 号：D815.7[政治法律—国际关系] D998.2[政治法律—政治学]