《民法典》高空抛坠物致人损害条款反思与适用  

The Judicial Application and Legitimacy reflection of the Injury Clause Caused by Throwing and Falling Objects from a Height in the Civil Code of China

作　　者：阳庚德[1] 李炳辉 Yang Gengde;Li Binghui

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《南海法学》2022年第5期77-87,共11页The South China Sea Law Journal

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目“我国侵权责任法完善研究”(项目编号:16BFX108)研究成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第一千二百五十四条沿袭了可能加害的建筑物使用人“给予补偿”的规定。可能加害的建筑物使用人为此承担难以完成的举证责任。对苛加给建筑物使用人的这种不利后果应当认定为一种法律责任。这样的举证责任以及补偿责任在矫正正义上论证不足,是基于功利主义的考量的选择,带来弥补法律规定的正当性不足与救济受害人目的之间的矛盾。为了解决这一矛盾,基于事前预防,建筑物管理人应当积极履行安全警示、宣传教育、消除危险、信息提供等基本安全保障措施;基于发现具体侵权人,明确公安机关依法调查并结案是可能加害的建筑物使用人承担补偿责任的前提条件,促使当事人向公安机关报案而使公权力依法介入民事纠纷。Article 1254 of the"Civil Code"follows the requirement of"compensation"for building users who may cause harm.The user of the building that may cause harm shall bear the burden of proof which is difficult to complete.Such adverse consequences imposed on building users should be regarded as a kind of legal liability.The harshness of the burden of proof and compensation on building users is insufficient in corrective justice,which is based on utilitarian considerations and legal policy choices.Bringing to make up for the contradiction between the lack of legitimacy stipulated by the law and the purpose of relieving the victim.In order to solve this contradiction,based on pre-prevention,building managers should actively implement basic safety measures such as safety warnings,publicity and education,elimination of dangers,and information provision;based on the discovery of specific infringers,it is clear that the public security agency investigates and closes the case in accordance with the law is likely to cause harm The preconditions for building users to bear the liability for compensation have prompted the parties to report the case to the public security organs so that public powers can intervene in civil disputes in accordance with the law.

关 键 词：高空抛坠物 建筑物使用人 建筑物管理人 补偿责任 正当性 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]