秋水仙素对猪屎豆的诱变及同源四倍体种质创制的研究  

Mutagenesis of Crotalaria pallida by Colchicine and Autotetraploid Germplasm Innovation

作　　者：倪成凤 冷青云[2] 虞道耿[2] 张瑜[2] 刘国道[2] 杨虎彪[2] NI Chengfeng;LENG Qingyun;YU Daogeng;ZHANG Yu;LIU Guodao;YANG Hubiao(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第10期2047-2056,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项“中国南方草地牧草资源调查”(No.2017FY100600)。

摘　　要：猪屎豆是重要的农业植物资源,在绿肥、饲用和药用等方面都有重要的开发潜力,然而目前关于猪屎豆的品种培育还处于空白,生产上缺乏优良品种导致生产性能参差不齐的问题突出,开展多倍体育种研究可为今后猪屎豆种质资源创新利用和培育新品种奠定材料基础。本研究以二倍体猪屎豆为实验材料,通过不同质量浓度秋水仙素和不同处理时间对猪屎豆露白种子进行多倍体诱导,探讨秋水仙素对二倍体猪屎豆的诱变效果,并利用流式细胞倍性检测和根尖染色体核型分析对诱变后代的倍性进行检测,进一步比较分析二倍体和同源四倍体的气孔和保卫细胞大小以及叶片和种子形态等特征变化。结果表明:与对照相比,秋水仙素处理抑制了猪屎豆种子胚根的生长和下胚轴的伸长,使种子胚轴发生诱变而缩短变粗。研究发现以100 mg/L的秋水仙素浓度浸泡12h时猪屎豆种子四倍体诱导率最高,为13.33%,总体效果最佳。与二倍体相比,同源四倍体植株叶片下表皮的气孔长度和宽度、保卫细胞长度和宽度显著增加而气孔密度显著降低;同源四倍体植株的叶片宽度和叶柄宽度显著增加,而叶片长度和叶柄长度显著缩短;同源四倍体植株的叶形指数显著减小。此外,同源四倍体植株所获种子较二倍体显著增大,种子百粒重较二倍体显著增加。综上所述,本研究掌握了秋水仙素诱导加倍猪屎豆的方法,并成功获得了同源四倍体猪屎豆新种质,为猪屎豆遗传育种及相关基础研究奠定了种质基础。Crotalaria pallida is an important agricultural plant resource, which has important development potential in green manure, fodder and medicine, but at present, there are no cultivated varieties of C. Pallida. The production drawbacks caused by germplasm heterozygosity in production are gradually revealed, the exchange of genes related to fine agronomic traits among germplasm is restricted, so the research on polyploid breeding can lay a material foundation for the innovative utilization of C. pallida germplasm resources and the cultivation of new varieties in the future. In this study, in order to investigate the mutagenesis effect of colchicine on C. pallida, the polyploid induction of C. pallida seeds with different concentrations of colchicine and different treatment time were conducted. Then, the ploidy of the progenies was detected by flow cytometry and root tip karyotype analysis. Furthermore, the stomatal and guard cell size,leaf and seed morphology of diploid and autotetraploid were compared. The results showed that compared with the control, colchicine treatment inhibited the growth of the radicle and the elongation of the hypocotyl of C. pallida seeds, and the hypocotyl was obviously shortened and thickened. Concentration soaking in 100 mg/L for 12 h had the best induction effect, the induction rate was 13.33%. Compared with diploid, the stomatal length, stomatal width, guard cell length and guard cell width of the lower epidermis of the leaves of the autotetraploid plants significantly increased while the stomatal density significantly decreased;the leaf width and petiole width of the autotetraploid plants significantly increased, while the leaf length and petiole length significantly decreased, and the leaf shape index of autotetraploid plants significantly decreased. Compared with the diploid, the seeds obtained from autotetraploid plants significantly increased,and the weight of 100 seeds significantly increased. This study reveals the method of colchicine-induced doubling of C.pallida, obtained the

关 键 词：猪屎豆 秋水仙素 诱导 同源四倍体 

分 类 号：S551[农业科学—作物学]