旋转冲击钻井提速装置的研制与应用  

Development and Application of a Rotary Percussion Drilling Apparatus for Improving Rate of Penetration

作　　者：张昕 乔东宇 王新 王新东 李富强 赵益书 唐顺东 汤历平[5] 徐小喧 ZHANG Xin;QIAO Dongyu;WANG Xin;WANG Xindong;LI Fuqiang;ZHAO Yishu;TANG Shundong;TANG Liping;XU Xiaoxuan(Engineering Technology Research Institute,CNPC Weatern Drilling Engineering Co.,LTD.,Karamay,Xinjiang 834000,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumchi,Xinjiang 830017,China;Engineering Office,CNPC Western Drilling Engineering Co.,LTD.,Karamay,Xinjiang 834000,China;CCDC Safety and Environmental Quality Supervision and Testing Institute,Guanghan,Sichuan 618000,China;School of Mechatronic Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司工程技术研究院 [2]新疆大学机电工程学院 [3]中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司工程处 [4]中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司安全环保质量监督检测研究院 [5]西南石油大学机电工程学院

出　　处：《钻采工艺》2022年第5期106-111,共6页Drilling & Production Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“基于岩石动态本构的轴扭复合冲击作用下PDC单齿破岩机理研究”(编号:51904262)。

摘　　要：螺杆钻具配合PDC钻头钻井技术广泛应用于深部地层的钻进中,该钻井方式中钻头主要采用剪切破岩方式,对研磨性地层效果不佳。深部研磨性地层岩石强度高、研磨性强,钻齿常无法有效地吃入地层,机械钻速普遍较低。针对这一难题,研制了旋转冲击钻井提速装置,用于在常规钻井方式的基础上对钻头施加高幅低频的轴向冲击载荷。旋转冲击一方面在对岩石冲击后形成破碎坑便于钻齿吃入,另一方面对钻头施加周期性的钻压,改善钻头的破岩状态并大幅提高机械钻速。在给出旋转冲击钻井提速装置结构与工作原理的基础上,开展了冲击频率、冲击力、冲击功和关键零件强度等计算,分析表明所设计结构满足现场对复合钻进的要求。该装置在玉门油田鸭西区块进行了现场测试,将PDC钻头与旋转冲击结合的钻进和同一井上趟钻的PDC钻头与螺杆钻具的钻进对比,结果表明采用旋转冲击时机械钻速提高113%。The combination of positive displacement motor(PDM)with polycrystalline diamond compact(PDC)bit is widely used in the drilling of deep formations.However,this type of drilling technique has little effect on the crushing of abrasive formations due to its rock breaking method of shearing.For the deep abrasive formations,the rock has high strength and abrasiveness,leading to big problem of the drilling bit in obtaining a desirable depth of cut.In this condition,the rate of penetration(ROP)in the deep abrasive formation is usually very low.In order to solve this problem,a rotary percussion drilling apparatus is developed to provide the drill bit with high-amplitude and low-frequency axial impact loads.On the one hand,the rotary percussions can impact the rock to generate crater which are helpful for the drilling.On the other hand,the impact loads can be regarded as additional periodical weight on bit which can improve the status of the rock under the bit,which will finally improve the ROP.In this paper,the structure and working principle of the rotary percussion drilling apparatus are firstly presented,which are followed with the calculations of impact frequency,impact load,impact work and stress of key components.Results show that the design meets the requirement of composite drilling in the drilling field.The apparatus developed was used in a drilling field of Yaxi area of Yumen Oilfield.By comparing the previous drilling in the same well,it′s shown that the ROP of combination of PDC bit with rotary percussion drilling apparatus is 113%higher than that of the combination of PDC bit with PDM.

关 键 词：旋转冲击 深部地层 螺杆钻具 机械钻速 冲击参数 

分 类 号：TE927[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]