小麦雄性不育基因的鉴定和杂种优势利用  

Progress in identifying male sterility genes and utilizing heterosis in wheat

作　　者：刘琦 齐娟 吴佳洁 倪飞 Qi Liu;Juan Qi;Jiajie Wu;Fei Ni(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,泰安271018

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第26期3100-3109,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971935)资助。

摘　　要：雄性不育是杂种优势利用的重要性状.作物雄性不育基因的鉴定加深了人们对花药和花粉发育分子机理的认知,并使许多基于生物技术的雄性不育系统在作物杂交育种中的开发和有效利用成为可能.与水稻、玉米等作物相比,由于基因组相对复杂,小麦雄性不育基因的研究进展较为滞后,仅有部分基因被定位或克隆.同时,小麦作为主要的粮食作物,目前仍未实现杂交种规模生产和杂种优势的大面积利用,加速小麦杂交种生产和杂种优势利用研究对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义.本文总结了近年来小麦雄性不育基因的鉴定,以及其在杂交种生产中的应用研究情况,并对新一代小麦杂交种生产技术研究中存在的问题进行了探讨,为后续麦类作物雄性不育基因的进一步研究与利用提供参考.Male sterility is a valuable trait for plant breeding and heterosis utilization.Identifying and characterizing male-sterile genes in crops have improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling anther and pollen grain development,and enabled the development and effective use of many biotechnology-based male sterile systems in hybrid crop breeding.Research progress on male-sterile genes in wheat(Triticum spp.)lags that in rice(Oryza sativa)and maize(Zea mays)because of the polyploid nature and complex genome of wheat;therefore,only a few wheat male-sterile genes have been identified or cloned.Due to the limited progress in understanding the basis of male sterility,a low-cost and efficient wheat hybridization system has not been developed.In this review,we summarize the progress in characterizing genetic male sterility(GMS),cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS),and environment-sensitive GMS(EGMS)in wheat.At least five GMS genes were reported in wheat via forward genetic approaches,of which the dominant gene Ms2 and the recessive genes ms1 and ms5 have been cloned.Furthermore,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)gene editing technology was used to characterize the role of four wheat homologs of maize Ms26 and Ms45,rice NO POLLEN1(OsNP1),and Arabidopsis thaliana DEFECTIVE IN TAPETAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION 1(TDF1)in male fertility.Over 70 different types of wheat CMS systems have been reported;in most cases,CMS is caused by mitochondrial genome rearrangements,and can be reversed with nuclear restorer of fertility(Rf)genes.Current approaches to identify wheat Rf genes for fertility restoration focus on T-type(Triticum timopheevii)and K-type(Aegilopskotschyi Boiss)CMS lines.At least 15 wheat Rf genes have been identified,but only two,Rf1 and Rf3,were cloned by genetic mapping and comparative sequence analysis.These two restorer genes and their mode of action in CMS provide new opportunities for wheat hybrid breeding.The candidate CMS restorer genes

关 键 词：小麦 雄性不育基因 杂种优势利用 杂交种生产 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]