中国二系杂交小麦研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospects of two-line hybrid wheat in China

作　　者：赵昌平[1] Changping Zhao(Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院,北京杂交小麦工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第26期3119-3128,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YED0101600);国家小麦产业技术体系(CARS-03-4)资助。

摘　　要：从我国二系杂交小麦全产业链创新角度,本文分析总结了小麦光温敏雄性不育种质发现、光温转化特征、遗传机制,及不育系选育、恢复系创制、强优势杂交种创新、规模化制种技术、示范推广等环节的科研进展;明确了小麦光温敏雄性不育的遗传多样性特点,不同类型不育系具有不同的恢复基因,通过多恢复基因聚合创制恢复系和构建冬春杂交模式是选育强优势杂交种的有效途径;异交生物学规律的揭示和混播制种方法、全过程机械化的应用,大幅度提高了二系杂交小麦制种产量,为杂交小麦产业化奠定了重要基础;提出了中国二系杂交小麦今后发展的科技创新和产业化建议与展望.The effective utilization of wheat heterosis has been a worldwide problem.Since the 1950s,systematic research has mainly focused on the“three-line method”and“chemical killing method”of obtaining hybrid wheat and has not made substantial progress into the present.In the 1990s,two-line hybrid wheat technology created by Chinese scientists based on the discovery and utilization of wheat with photo-thermal-sensitive male sterile germplasm has developed rapidly,making China the only country that uses sterile lines for commercial hybrid wheat production.From the perspective of the whole agroindustrial chain,the research advances of two-line hybrid wheat in China were analyzed and summarized,including germplasm discovery,light-temperature conversion characteristics,genetic mechanisms of wheat photo-thermo-sensitive male sterile lines,selection of male sterile lines,creation of restorer lines,innovation of strong heterotic hybrids,technology for large-scale seed production,and various demonstrations and extensions.The genetic diversity of the photothermal-sensitive male sterile lines was examined,and the transformation regulation model of photo-thermo-sensitive male sterility in wheat was thus revealed,indicating that different types of male sterile lines have different restorer genes.The creation of restorer lines through multi restorer gene polymerization and implementing spring×winter wheat hybridization have been illustrated as effective ways to create strongly heterotic hybrids.Taking advantage of hybrid vigor in terms of the ecological synergy,physiological synergy,and temporal and spatial synergy between the parental lines,the invention of the mixed sowing seed production methods,and whole-process mechanization,the seed production yield of two-line hybrid wheat has been greatly improved.Thus,the associated seed production cost has been reduced,laying a critical foundation for the industrial production of hybrid wheat.Here,suggestions and prospects for technological innovation and industrialization of two-

关 键 词：杂交小麦 二系 光温敏 不育 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]