杂交小麦制种技术及除草剂在杂交制种提纯中的应用进展  

Progress in hybrid wheat seed production technologies and implication of herbicide solutions in hybrid wheat purity improvement

作　　者：曹光宇 单天雷 刘江 姜宗敏 朱志锋 吕建 Guangyu Cao;Tianlei Shan;Jiang Liu;Zongmin Jiang;Zhifeng Zhu;Jian Lü(Syngenta Biotechnology China,Beijing 102206,China;China National Seed Group Co.,LTD,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]先正达集团中国北京创新中心,北京102206 [2]中国种子集团有限公司,北京102206

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第26期3175-3184,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：杂交小麦技术可以提高小麦稳产性和丰产性,是保障粮食安全的重要策略.目前,杂交小麦制种成本过高,限制了杂交小麦大规模商业化推广.杂交小麦制种成本取决于单位面积杂交小麦产量、纯度以及单位面积播种量.在国内现有播种模式下,杂交小麦很难实现单位面积播种量的降低.提高单位面积制种产量和纯度,对降低杂交小麦制种成本就变得尤为重要.其中,通过喷施除草剂提高制种纯度,可以作为降低制种成本的一个有效手段.无融合生殖提供了杂交小麦制种的新维度,这种技术完全不用种植父本植株,将杂交制种转变成自交制种,可以进一步提高制种产量和纯度,降低制种成本.本文总结了近年来杂交小麦制种技术及除草剂在小麦制种纯度提升上的进展,并对未来创新技术方案进行了展望,以期加速杂交小麦的商业化推广.Hybrid wheat,potentially offering superior yield potential and yield stability,will play an important role in improving China’s food security.However,the high cost of hybrid seed production limits the adoption of hybrid wheat in China.Hybrid seed production cost is determined by several factors including the yield per unit of area,the purity of hybrid seed,and the seeding rate.Pilot studies have suggested that the seeding rate of hybrid wheat can be reduced by 20%–30%compared with that of traditional inbred varieties.However,the current growing practice in China makes it difficult to convince growers to embrace reduced seeding rate.Therefore,increasing hybrid seed yield and purity becomes more important for reducing the hybrid seed production cost;and particularly increasing the seed purity is a more feasible solution.In this review,hybrid seed production technologies,as well as herbicide solutions for seed purity improvement are summarized.In either a thermo-/photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile(TGMS/PGMS)based 2-line seed production system or a cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)based 3-line seed production system,male parents are always planted together with female parents in a certain ratio to provide pollen.Male parents can still produce inbred seeds through self-fertilization,which will reduce the purity of hybrid seeds.Herbicides can be used to terminate male parents or impair the inbred seed development after pollination,leading to an increased hybrid seed purity.However,not all herbicides fit this purpose;in this review,we suggest a set of criteria for selecting existing or developing new herbicides for hybrid seed purity improvement.Accordingly,ALS inhibitors and ACCase inhibitors are two major classes of herbicides that can be tested in wheat hybrid seed production.Glyphosate kills the whole plant when spray at 1 week or 2 weeks after pollination,but dead male plant still can produce few shrunken seeds.Compared to glyphosate treatment,imazethapyr and sethoxydim cannot kill male plants,but can limit

关 键 词：杂交小麦 除草剂 制种纯度 制种成本 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]