四川杂交小麦研究进展及展望  

Progress in hybrid wheat research in Sichuan and future prospects

作　　者：罗江陶[1] 刘仲齐[1,4] 任勇 陶军 肖子泉 饶世达[1] 田宁[3] 郑建敏 刘培勋[1] 邓清燕 李生荣 蒲宗君 Jiangtao Luo;Zhongqi Liu;Yong Ren;Jun Tao;Ziquan Xiao;Shida Rao;Ning Tian;Jianmin Zheng;Peixun Liu;Qingyan Deng;Shengrong Li;Zongjun Pu(Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academic of Agricultural Sciences/Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Chengdu 610066,China;Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mianyang 621023,China;Liangshan Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xichang 615000,China;Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所/粮油作物绿色种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室/农业农村部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,成都610066 [2]绵阳市农业科学研究院,绵阳621023 [3]凉山彝族自治州农业科学研究院,西昌615000 [4]农业农村部环境保护科研检测所,天津300191

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第26期3185-3196,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：四川省财政自主创新专项(2022ZZCX003);四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0002-2);四川省重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0014)资助。

摘　　要：四川杂交小麦研究历经50余载,至今仍在继续.杂交小麦的研究主要利用三系法和两系法,三系法中的T型三系研究较为系统,从不育系的选育、恢复的改良以及组合配制方面均进行了长期研究,尤其针对T型三系恢复源窄,提出了主效恢复基因选择法,极大提高了恢复系的选择效率.在温光敏两系杂交小麦研究领域,对其发现、育性转化、改良、组合配制等方面进行了研究,应用成果也很显著,培育出通过国家审定的绵阳32和绵杂麦168、四川省审定的绵杂麦512和绵杂麦638;在化杀两系杂交小麦选育方面,对药剂类型、施药剂量、用药时期等进行研究,培育出2个通过四川省审定的化杀杂交小麦新品种川麦59和川麦69并释放生产应用.同时,针对四川小麦生产实际,对杂交小麦的发展提出了展望.Sichuan Province is an important wheat-producing region in China.Breeding of hybrid wheat and research related to this topic have been conducted for more than 50 years in Sichuan.Both three-line and two-line methods have been used for breeding.Three-line hybrid wheat has been developed mainly using cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)systems derived from other wild relatives.Among them,the Triticum timopheevii-based CMS(T-type)system is considered to be the best,and has therefore attracted most attention.Fertility restoration in lines carrying the timopheevii cytoplasm is often only partial,so different crossing and selection methods have been proposed to pyramid two or more Rf genes in restorer lines.However,this can be difficult to track because there is a lack of functional markers or associated molecular markers.Various restorer lines and combinations have been developed and tested,but no new commercial varieties have been released in Sichuan.The recent cloning of Rf1 and Rf2 genes has laid the foundation to develop effective restorer lines that may promote hybrid wheat breeding using the T-type three-line system.Hybrid wheat breeding programs based on the twoline system have generally been more successful in Sichuan.Two systems,photoperiod and temperature-sensitive genic male sterility(PTGMS)and chemical-hybridizing agent-induced male sterility(CHAMS),have been used for two-line hybrid wheat breeding.Mianyang 32 and Mianzamai 168,two hybrid wheat varieties developed using the PTGMS system,have been approved through national yield trials,and another two,Mianzamai 512 and Mianzamai 638,have been approved through provincial yield trials.For the CHAMS system,different types of chemical agents have been screened to determine their effectiveness and suitable doses to induce male sterility,and two new hybrid wheat varieties,Chuanmai 59 and Chuanmai 69,have been approved for release.The Taigu genic dominant male sterile system has also been studied in Sichuan.A new male-sterile line was bred by adding a single rearranged

关 键 词：杂交小麦 T型三系 温光敏 化杀剂 蓝矮败 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]