基于SNP遗传距离和配合力的小麦杂种优势预测  

Heterosis prediction of wheat based on SNP genetic distance and combining ability

作　　者：陈向东[1] 吴晓军[1] 方方 宋林通 董娜[1] 胡铁柱[1] 茹振钢[1] Xiangdong Chen;Xiaojun Wu;Fang Fang;Lintong Song;Na Dong;Tiezhu Hu;Zhengang Ru(Henan Modern Biological Breeding Collaborative Innovation Center,Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat,Wheat Center,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院小麦中心,河南省杂交小麦重点实验室,现代生物育种河南省协同创新中心,新乡453003

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第26期3221-3232,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31701502);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0101602);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划(2021GGJS122)资助。

摘　　要：为保障全球粮食安全,利用杂种优势不断提高粮食作物产量是育种工作的长期目标.分子标记已经广泛应用于作物杂种优势预测研究.但是,很少有关全基因组单核苷酸多态性(single-nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)预测小麦杂种优势的报道.本研究以30个小麦品种(系)为亲本构建了包含419个组合的双列杂交群体,利用亲本SNP遗传距离、配合力效应和3个环境的产量构成性状(yield component traits,YCT)预测杂种优势.结果发现,小麦YCT存在普遍的超标优势(commercial heterosis,CH)、中亲优势(mid-parent heterosis,MPH)和超亲优势(high-parent heterosis,HPH).亲本间或不同性状间的配合力效应值差异较大,黄淮麦区品种与西南麦区或国外品种间易产生较高的特殊配合力(special combining ability,SCA).双亲一般配合力(general combining ability,GCA)、SCA与杂交种产量、CH、MPH和HPH呈极显著正相关;SNP遗传距离与杂交种产量、双亲GCA、CH呈极显著正相关.强优势组合的双亲SNP遗传距离相对较远,遗传距离与GCA、SCA与CH在排名前10%的组合中分别有35.71%和61.90%组合一致.依据小麦亲本SNP、YCT及GCA的聚类结果,这些品种聚为三大类群,其中黄淮麦区品种聚到A、B1、C2群,西南麦区品种分B2和C1群,国外品种聚在C2类群.基于黄淮麦区,本文提出小麦的3种主要杂种优势模式:黄淮B1/西南B2、黄淮B1/国外C2和黄淮C2/B.基于这些不同麦区的杂种优势群进行不育系和恢复系的遗传改良,将为小麦杂交种亲本选配和黄淮麦区杂交小麦的生产应用提供重要参考.Heterosis,as a means of increasing crop yield,has been used as part of long-term strategies to meet the demand for global food security.Molecular markers have been widely used to predict the outcome of crop heterosis.However,there is little research on genomic single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)prediction for heterosis in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).In this study,we genotyped 30 wheat cultivars(lines)using wheat 660 K SNP chip technology and constructed the hybrid population of 419 F_(1) using diallel design.Yield component traits(YCT)in three environments,combining ability effect,and the genetic distance of 660 K SNP array were used to predict heterosis.As expected,general commercial heterosis(CH),mid-parent heterosis(MPH),and high-parent heterosis(HPH)were observed in wheat YCT.The combining ability effect,here composed of the general combining ability(GCA)and special combining ability(SCA),was varied due to the parents or traits.For GCA,Bainong4199 had the smallest influence on plant height(PH),while BNS366 and CL0438 had the greatest influence on thousand kernel weight(TKW)and spike length(SL),respectively.Chinese spring showed the highest GCA on PH,spike number per plant(SNPP),and grain yield per plant(GYP),and SN055525 showed the highest GCA of spikelet number per spike(SNS),grain number per spike(GNS),and kernel weight per spike(KWPS).More importantly,SN055525,Chinese Spring,and CL0438 were found to be better restorer lines for male sterile lines BNS and BNS366.In addition,when BNS,BNS366,and Zhoumai18 in the Huanghuai wheat region were crossed with Yunnanmai and MR168 in the Southwest wheat region or foreign varieties Ciava and CL0442,SCA occurred more frequently for SNPP,SL,GNS,KWPS,and GYP.GCA and SCA showed a positive correlation with hybrid yield,CH,MPH,and HPH(P<0.01).Genotyping 30 parents with 660 K chips showed the genetic distance of these SNPs to be positively correlated with GYP,GCA,and CH(P<0.01).The genetic distance of SNP was greater in superior combination,and consistent with the GCAs of par

关 键 词：小麦 单核苷酸多态性 配合力 产量构成性状 杂种优势预测 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]