福建海坛岛长江澳晚全新世古泥炭层水稻植硅体的发现及其意义  

THE DISCOVERY OF RICE PHYTOLITHS FROM THE LATE HOLOCENE COASTAL PEAT LAYER IN THE HAITAN ISLAND,FUJIAN PROVINCE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

作　　者：周桂宇 左昕昕 赵文伟 靳建辉[1,2,3] 谢辉 任琳 林映君 裴瑶瑶 吴桂萍 郑婉茹 ZHOU Guiyu;ZUO Xinxin;ZHAO Wenwei;JIN Jianhui;XIE Hui;REN Lin;LIN Yingjun;PEI Yaoyao;WU Guiping;ZHENG Wanru(Humid Subtropical Ecology-Geography Key Laboralory of Process Education Ministry,Fuzhou 350007;School of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007;Center for Environmental Archaeology in Southeast China,Fuzhou 350007;School of Geographical Science,Nantong University,Nantong 226007)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态-地理过程教育部重点实验室,福州350007 [2]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350007 [3]福建师范大学东南环境考古中心,福州350007 [4]南通大学地理科学学院,南通226007

出　　处：《微体古生物学报》2022年第3期253-262,共10页Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:42077407、T2192954和41771241)共同资助。

摘　　要：岛屿是史前农业跨大洲和跨海传播过程中重要的中转站,其植物考古学的研究对深入理解史前农业传播和人群迁徙具有重要意义。近年来,东南亚岛屿发现多个遗址的稻作遗存证据,福建作为原始农业由东亚大陆向台湾岛和东南亚岛屿地区传播的重要节点,研究其沿海岛屿农业发展及其与台湾岛联系十分重要,然而当前缺少详细的植物考古学工作且尚无农业遗存证据发现。本研究在位于海坛岛壳丘头遗址群附近的长江澳海湾区域开展地质钻探过程中,发现地表以下3~4 m之间广泛发育的古泥炭层,AMS 14C年代结果显示其形成的时间在3249–3060 cal.a B.P.。泥炭层植硅体和孢粉分析结果显示局地的植被以湿生的香蒲、莎草和芦苇为主要类型,指示了湿地或沼泽环境。少量驯化型水稻植硅体和谷物类花粉的发现则说明3000年前海坛岛已经出现一定规模的水稻种植。采样点靠近壳丘头遗址群,推测古泥炭层中的水稻遗存极有可能与史前人类农业活动有关。这是东南沿海岛屿除台湾本岛和澎湖地区目前发现的最早的水稻遗存记录。研究结果为进一步开展岛屿遗址植物考古学工作提供新的线索,或将打开东南沿海岛屿史前农业起源与传播研究的新窗口。The Haitan island in Fujian province,located on the southeast coast of China,is a strategic location for the spread of Austronesian-speaking populations,their cultures,and agricultural technology to Taiwan island,Southeast Asia,and the Pacific islands.However,questions regarding the emergence of agriculture in the islands of Fujian remain unclear,which hampers the understanding of the routes and processes of the spread of agriculture.In this study,samples from the peat layer of Core CJA2021(25°37′5.81′′N,119°45′28.74′′E,a.s.l=15 m),which is located in the Changjiangao Bay of the Haitan island,were collected for the radiocarbon dating,phytolith and pollen analyses.The dating result shows that the peat layer was developed between 3249 and 3060 cal.a B.P.Typha,Cyperaceae,and reed were the main morphotypes of pollen or phytolith counted in the peat layers,indicating a wetland and swamp condition in the Changjiangao Bay.The identification of rice bulliform phytoliths and cereal-type pollens in the peat layer suggests the emergence of rice agriculture on the Haitan island approximately 3,000 years ago.Rice phytoliths found in the Haitan island are the earliest rice remains in the islands of Southeast China,except for Taiwan island and Penghu islands.This study provides a clue for the further survey of archaeobotanical research on island sites.In addition,it may offer a new perspective to research the origin and spread of prehistoric agriculture on the coastal islands of Southeast China.

关 键 词：植硅体 孢粉 稻作农业 植物考古 平潭 

分 类 号：S511-09[农业科学—作物学]