《生命的层级》中的聚合式书写与叙事身份建构  

Narrative Fusions in Levels of Life and the Construction of Narrative Identity

作　　者：毛卫强[1] Mao Weiqiang(School of Foreign Languages,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学外国语学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2022年第5期127-140,共14页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“朱利安·巴恩斯老年书写研究”(20BWW034)。

摘　　要：朱利安·巴恩斯的《生命的层级》采用聚合式书写策略,将历史与现实、虚构与非虚构、自我与他者等异质成分聚合起来,借此探讨叙事在认知科学进步、发展自我身份、重构生存范式方面的作用。巴恩斯的这种书写契合了保罗·利科叙事身份理论中的论断:《生命的层级》中的三种叙事不仅在时间维度上与利科提出的过去、现在和将来三种时间观对应,在叙事模式、情节结构及诗学功能上也与其探讨的历史叙事、虚构叙事和非虚构叙事这三种情节配置吻合;每个层级的叙事都是下一层级的前文本,后面层级则是前面层级叙事的重塑与理解。借助聚合式书写,巴恩斯重构了丧妻之痛生存空间中的自我身份及生存范式,重新确认了叙事艺术的功能,强调自我对他者的道德责任,而这与查尔斯·泰勒叙事身份理论强调的道德向善不谋而合。Through the strategy of narrative fusions, Julian Barnes’ Levels of Life puts together factors as heterogeneous as history and reality, fiction and nonfiction, self and other in an attempt to analyze the functions of narrative in understanding the advancement of science, developing self-identity, and reconstructing patterns of life. Barnes’ narrative fusions coincide with the assumptions in Paul Ricoeur’s theory of narrative identity. The three layers of narratives that make up Levels of Life not only conform to the three concepts of time Ricoeur has postulated about past, present, and future respectively, but also bear the clear compatibility of their narrative mode, plot scheme, and narrative poetics with the three types of plot configuration Ricoeur has explored, namely, the historical narrative, fictional narrative, and non-fictional narrative. Each level of narrative is the pre-narrative text of the next level, which, in turn, functions as the refiguration and interpretation of the previous one.Through his narrative fusions, Barnes reconstructs his self-identity and patterns of life in the space of mourning over the death of his wife, reconfirms the function of narrative art, and reasserts one’s moral obligation towards others, which matches the very notion of moral goods emphasized by Charles Taylor in his theory of narrative identity.

关 键 词：巴恩斯 《生命的层级》 聚合式书写 叙事身份 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]