炭基生物有机肥对辣椒疫病防控·植株生长及土壤微生物的影响  

Effects of Biochar-based Bioorganic Fertilizer on Control of Phytophthora Blight and Plant Growth of Pepper and Soil Microorganisms

作　　者：徐传银[1] 王光飞[2] 陆其通[1] 马艳[2] 郭德杰[2] 颜士敏 XU Chuan-yin;WANG Guang-fei;LU Qi-tong(Donghai Agro-Technology Extension Center,Lianyungang,Jiangsu 222300;Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Environments,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014)

机构地区：[1]东海县农业技术推广中心,江苏连云港222300 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(滨海盐碱地)重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [3]江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第20期144-147,154,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏现代农业(蔬菜)产业技术体系江宁推广示范基地(JATS〔2022〕450)。

摘　　要：以生物炭和有机肥为主料,氨基酸和黄腐酸钾为辅料,生防木霉菌和芽孢杆菌为核心,制备炭基生物有机肥,并在盆栽试验和田间试验条件下研究其防控辣椒疫病的效果。盆栽试验结果显示,不含有效菌的炭基有机肥与炭基生物有机肥均可显著降低根际辣椒疫霉数量和有效防控辣椒疫病以及促进植株生长。但炭基生物有机肥处理抑制辣椒疫霉效果显著强于炭基有机肥,且防效是炭基有机肥的1.38倍。土壤微生物性状方面,两者均可增加木霉菌、芽孢杆菌和放线菌3种抑病性功能菌,其中炭基生物有机肥为显著增加。另外,两者也均显著增加土壤微生物活性和多样性,炭基生物有机肥效果强于炭基有机肥。田间试验结果显示,炭基生物有机肥对清江浦区红椒和东海县青椒疫病防效分别为46.9%和62.5%,对产量有一定的增产作用,分别增产2.15和1.40 t/hm^(2)。因此,炭基生物有机肥可有效防控辣椒疫病和促进辣椒植株生长,这可能与其直接抑制病原菌、增殖抑病微生物和提高微生物活性与多样性相关。炭基生物有机肥中的有机物料与菌株都有助于防控病害和改善土壤微生物性状。Biochar-based bioorganic fertilizer was prepared with biochar and organic fertilizer as main materials,amino acids and potassium fulvic acid as auxiliary materials,biocontrol Trichoderma and Bacillus as the core.The effect on controlling pepper blight was studied under the conditions of pot experiment and field experiment.Pot experiment showed that both biochar-based organic fertilizer(BCOF)and biochar-based bioorganic fertilizer(BCBOF)could significantly reduce the number of Phytophthora capsici in the rhizosphere,reduce the incidence of pepper blight and promote plant growth.The inhibition effect of BCBOF on Phytophthora capsici was significantly stronger than that of BCOF,and the control effect of BCBOF was 1.38 times that of BCOF.In terms of soil microbial properties,both could increase the number of Trichoderma,Bacillus and Actinomycetes,and the effect of BCBOF was more significant.In addition,both could significantly increase soil microbial activity and diversity,and the effect of BCBOF was more significant.Field experiment showed that the control effects of BCBOF on red pepper in Qingjiang and green pepper in Donghai were 46.9%and 62.5%respectively.Both had a certain effect of increasing the yield,with an increase of 2.15 and 1.41 t/hm^(2)respectively.Therefore,BCBOF could effectively control pepper blight and promote pepper plant growth,which may be related to its direct inhibition of pathogens,proliferation of disease-suppressing microorganisms,and improvement of microbial activity and diversity.Organic materials and microbial strains in BCBOF could help control diseases and improve soil microbial properties.

关 键 词：辣椒疫病 炭基生物有机肥 产量 土壤微生物学性状 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S436.418S144