双层翻斗式雨量计翻斗特性的试验和模拟分析  

Numerical and experimental investigation on characteristics of the double tipping bucket rain gauge

作　　者：蔡钊 王海鹏[1] 刘九夫[1] 廖爱民[1] 廖敏涵 刘宏伟[1] 周斌 姚业 CAI Zhao;WANG Haipeng;LIU Jiufu;LIAO Aimin;LIAO Minhan;LIU Hongwei;ZHOU Bin;YAO Ye(Hydrology and Water Resources Department,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;Honghe Nanyuan Water Supply Co.,Ltd.,Honghe 661000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源研究所,江苏南京210029 [2]红河州南源供水有限公司,云南红河州661000

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2022年第6期79-85,共7页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(91647203,51609145);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0405700);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y517018,Y517019)。

摘　　要：为探究双层翻斗式雨量计(DTBR)减小计量误差的作用机理以及进一步提高DTBR的计量精度,利用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,通过高速摄像掌握翻斗翻转特性,结合动网格和流体体积法(VOF)模型对DTBR上层翻斗的翻转过程进行流体动力学模拟,并进一步优化了DTBR的结构设计。结果表明:DTBR依靠上层翻斗,通过中间漏斗将自然降水强度下的出流量稳定在1.01 g/s左右注入下层计量翻斗,可明显降低降水强度对雨量计计量误差的影响,且在高降水强度下的效果更加明显;中间漏斗在不同降水强度下的流量均稳定在1 g/s(等效1.91 mm/min降水强度)左右,在DTBR标定中,可考虑只对下层的计量翻斗进行1.91 mm/min降水强度的标定,即可满足DTBR的计量要求;中间漏斗存在震荡出流过程,出流最大可达2 g/s左右;降低上层翻斗的中轴高度可在一定程度上稳定中间漏斗的出流过程。In order to explore the mechanism of measurement error reduction for a double tipping bucket rain gauge(DTBR),and to further improve its measurement accuracy,a method of combining experiments and numerical simulation was proposed.A high-speed camera was used to get the tipping characteristics during the movement and a dynamic grid and the volume of fluid(VOF)model were used to simulate the overturning process for the upper tipping bucket of the DTBR.The structure design of DTBR was further optimized.The results show that the DTBR relies on the upper bucket to smooth the discharge under natural precipitation intensity at a steady rate of 1.01 g/s injecting into the lower bucket through the middle funnel,which can significantly reduce the influence of precipitation intensity on the measurement error of the rain gauge,and the effect is more obvious under high precipitation intensity.The discharge of the middle funnel under different precipitation intensity remained at a steady rate of 1 g/s(corresponding to precipitation intensity of 1.91 mm/min),and as a result,for the future DTBR calibration,the 1.91 mm/min precipitation intensity calibration can be considered for the lower tipping bucket,which can meet the error requirements of DTBR.There is an oscillating outflow process of the middle funnel,which can reach a maximum of about 2 g/s.Reducing the central shaft height of the upper bucket can stabilize the outflow of the middle funnel to a certain extent.

关 键 词：动网格 双层翻斗式雨量计 降水强度 流体动力学模拟 

分 类 号：TV123[水利工程—水文学及水资源]