热习服分子机制、特异性标志物及遗传差异研究进展  

Research progress on molecular mechanism,specific markers and genetic differences of heat acclimatization

作　　者：胡明 李萍 刘吉洛 曹广文 谭晓 Hu Ming;Li Ping;Liu Ji-Luo;Cao Guang-Wen;Tan Xiao-Jie(Department of Epidemiology,Faculty of Naval Medicine,Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学海医系海军流行病学教研室,上海200433

出　　处：《解放军医学杂志》2022年第10期1034-1041,共8页Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army

基　　金：军委后勤保障部综合计划局重大项目(AWS16J023)。

摘　　要：来自适温地区的人进入高温地区,作业能力降低是普遍现象,而热习服可提高人体热耐受能力。本文主要从生理功能、生化代谢和表观遗传等多个角度综述热习服形成的分子机制以及热习服后机体产生的特异性关键标志物,并探讨全基因组关联分析(GWAS)在探索不同热适应能力人群中主要遗传差异的实施策略。热习服可改变人体中枢及外周热效应器的敏感性,通过调节心肌自主神经张力降低心率及增加每搏输出量,实现减少内源产热及加快外源散热的目的。热习服机体增强了醛固酮和精氨酸加压素等保水保钠激素的分泌以及饮食中NaCl的富集,最终扩张血浆容量以维持心血管稳定性。热习服后热休克蛋白(HSP)转录活性增强,线粒体呼吸链钙释放增多,其中HSP70是潜在的鉴别热适应良好者(热区士兵、消防员、运动员等)及较差者的关键遗传指标。机体血浆中适度高Na^(+)、高Cl^(–)、高Ca^(2+)及低K^(+)有助于增强机体耐热能力、促进热习服形成,可作为热习服研究的潜在标志。人群热习服的训练效果具有较大的异质性,热习服是如何增强人体的热耐受能力以及这种热耐受可塑性与先天遗传和后天表观遗传修饰存在怎样的平衡尚需深入研究。It is a common phenomenon that the working ability of the people from moderate temperature areas generally decreases after entering high temperature areas,while heat acclimatization can improve the heat tolerance of human.This review summarized the molecular mechanism of the formation of heat acclimatization and the specific key markers produced after heat acclimatization from the perspectives of physiological function,biochemical metabolism and epigenetics.In addition,Genome-Wide Association Study(GWAS)strategy in exploring the main genetic differences among people with different heat adaptation was also discussed.Heat acclimatization changes the sensitivity of central and peripheral thermal effectors,reduces heart rate and increases stroke volume by regulating myocardial autonomic nerve tension to reduce endogenous heat production and accelerate exogenous heat dissipation.Heat acclimatization enhances the secretion of H2O and sodium retention hormones such as aldosterone and arginine vasopressin and the enrichment of NaCl in diet,which expands the plasma volume to maintain cardiovascular stability.The transcriptional activity of heat shock protein(HSP)and the calcium release of mitochondrial respiratory chain increases after heat acclimatization,in which HSP70 is a potential key genetic marker to distinguish between those with good heat adaptation(hot zone soldiers,firefighters,athletes,etc.)and those with poor heat adaptation.Moderately high concentration of Na^(+),Cl^(–),Ca^(2+)and low concentration of K+in plasma can help to enhance heat tolerance and promote the formation of heat acclimatization,which can be used as potential markers for the study of heat acclimatization.Furthermore,heat acclimatization effect in the population has great heterogeneity.How heat acclimatization enhances human's heat tolerance and the balance between the plasticity of this heat tolerance and congenital genetic and acquired epigenetic modification need to be further explored.

关 键 词：热习服 分子机制 生物标志物 表观遗传 基因 

分 类 号：R135.3[医药卫生—劳动卫生]