黄铜矿湿法提取铜的研究进展  

Research Progress of Hydrometallurgical Extraction of Copper from Chalcopyrite

作　　者：吴越 廖亚龙[1] 嵇广雄 刘庆丰 WU Yue;LIAO Yalong;JI Guangxiong;LIU Qingfeng(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期10-21,共12页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21978122,21566017).

摘　　要：综述了黄铜矿湿法冶金的最新进展,分析了各种工艺的优缺点和发展前景.分析表明:微生物浸出环境友好,但浸出周期长、浸出率低和菌种培养周期长;常压氧化浸出能耗低,但氧化剂难于再生利用;离子液体浸出尽管已取得了一定的突破,但与实现产业化的差距还较大;氨浸中氨和氧的消耗量大,产业化成本高;焙烧后再浸出的方法存在能耗高,产生大量SO_(2)烟气及其他有害气体的缺陷;硫化焙烧过程虽无SO_(2)气体产生,但须在惰性气体保护气氛中进行,产业化的局限性大;微波热活化、机械活化能选择性改变矿物相结构,活化后再进行氧压浸出、微生物浸出,或者在直接浸出过程中引入微波、超声对浸出过程进行强化,皆能在温和条件下即获得高的提取率,具有广阔的发展前景.In this paper the latest progress in hydrometallurgy of chalcopyrite is reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of various processes and development prospects are discussed.Although microbial leaching has obvious development prospect,it is limited by long leaching cycle,low leaching rate and long culture cycle.Atmospheric oxidation leaching system has low energy consumption,but the recovery of oxidation is difficult.Some breakthroughs have been made in ionic liquid leaching,there is still a big gap to achieve industrialization.The consumption of ammonia and oxygen in ammonia leaching of chalcopyrite is large,so the cost for its application in industry is big.The method of leaching after roasting has the problems of high energy consumption,large amount of S0_(2) flue gas and other harmful gases.There is no S0_(2) pollution in the sulfidation roasting process,but the roasting process must be carried out under the protection of inert gas,which is difficult to realize in industrial application.Microwave thermal activation and mechanical activation can selectively change the mineral phase structure,and oxygen pressure leaching and microbial leaching are performed with the activated materials.The introduction of microwave and ultrasound in the direct leaching process can also enhance the leaching process.Both methods can obtain high extraction rate in mild conditions,which has promising prospects for development.

关 键 词：黄铜矿 湿法冶金 生物浸出 化学浸出 过程强化 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]