“依法带娃”:家庭教育令的法律实现  

“Bring the Child in Accordance with the Law”:The Legal Realization of the Family Education Order

作　　者：谭佐财 Tan Zuocai

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2022年第10期95-106,共12页

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“法律制度实施效果评估体系研究”(项目编号:16JZD011)。

摘　　要：随着《家庭教育促进法》的实施,家庭教育令已在全国层面铺开,结合各地适用实例,发现家庭教育令的具体适用尚存在诸多问题。这源于家庭教育令的法律性质、功能定位之不明确。训诫和责令接受家庭教育指导系家庭教育令的主要方式,均具有强制性。基于家庭教育令的预防功能,只要父母或者其他监护人具有失职行为的高度盖然性,法院亦应发挥司法能动主义签发家庭教育令。在方法论上,应对家庭教育令的实施对象进行目的性限缩,将国家监护主体排除在家庭教育令的适用范围之外。应当构建“事实查证—及时签发—跟踪随访”的全流程机制,注重对家庭教育令适用情况进行回访。因家庭教育令处理的法律关系具有特殊性,宜慎用间接强制方式,将疏导教育作为间接强制执行措施的前置程序。With the implementation of the Family Education Promotion Law, the family education order has been rolled out at the national level. Combined with the application examples in various places, it is found that there are still many problems in the specific application of the family education order. This stems from the unclear legal nature and functional positioning of the family education order. Admonishing and ordering to accept family education guidance are the main ways of family education orders, which are mandatory. Based on the preventive function of family education order, as long as parents or other guardians have a high probability of dereliction of duty, the court should also give play to judicial activism to issue family education order. In terms of methodology, the implementation object of family education order should be purposefully limited, and the national guardianship subject should be excluded from the scope of application of family education order. Build a whole process mechanism of “fact verification, timely issuance and follow-up”, and pay attention to the follow-up of the application of family education orders. The legal relationship dealt with by the family education order has its particularity, so it is advisable to use indirect coercion with caution, and take persuasion education as the pre procedure of indirect enforcement measures.

关 键 词：家庭教育 家庭教育令 家庭教育促进法 监护制度 未成年人保护 失职行为 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]