黄河下游河槽泥沙扬动与输移特性  

Research on the dynamics of the uplift and transport characteristics of sediment in the Lower Yellow River Channel

作　　者：蔡蓉蓉 张红武[2] 张宇[3] 张罗号[2] CAI Rongrong;ZHANG Hongwu;ZHANG Yu;ZHANG Luohao(International Economic&Technical Cooperation and Exchange Center,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China;Yellow River Research Center,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部国际经济技术合作交流中心,北京100038 [2]清华大学黄河研究中心,北京100084 [3]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《水利学报》2022年第10期1218-1228,1239,共12页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402500)。

摘　　要：本文利用大量水文资料,在前人研究的基础上,分析研究了黄河下游河槽泥沙扬动与输移特性。首先根据水文测验尤其是泥沙级配实测资料,间接分析各家公式的合理性,从而选择出物理概念清晰、符合黄河下游实际的扬动流速计算公式。对于粒径较小的泥沙,沙玉清、窦国仁等现有扬动流速计算公式都适用于黄河;随着泥沙粒径增加,几家公式差异变大,张罗号和罗诗琦公式同实测资料更为符合。在此基础上分析了黄河下游河槽不同粒径泥沙的扬动特性,认为“粗颗粒”泥沙在黄河下游河槽中水流量下亦能扬动。然后,选取黄河下游花园口、高村和利津站为下游代表水文站,采用汛期非漫滩情况下的实测数据,分别绘制了三站流量与泥沙以悬移形式运动的百分比关系图。引入扬动临界流量的概念后,各站泥沙输移特性变化规律基本遵循统一表达形式。进一步定量分析了各水文站泥沙输移特性,给出了扬动临界流量、扬动概率系数、输沙指数同泥沙粒径等因子的关系式,从而建立了泥沙以悬移形式运动的百分比与水沙因子的计算公式。结合未来30年内年均沙量减小的预测结果进行计算,表明黄河下游汛期日平均流量只要大于971 m^(3)s,悬移质泥沙组成中的粗颗粒能保持悬移运动状态,同时表明加大流量是直接提升水流输沙能力的有效手段。In this paper,the dynamics of the uplift and transport characteristics of sediment in the river channel of the Lower Yellow River(LYR)are investigated on the basis of previous studies using a large amount of hydrological data.An uplift flow velocity formula with a clear conception and suitable for the LYR is chosen based on the grain size distribution data.For the fine sediment,the four candidate formulas(derived by Sha Yuqing,Dou Guoren,Zhang Luohao,and Luo Shiqi)are all applicable to the Yellow River.For coarse sediment,the formulas derived respectively by Zhang Luohao and Luo Shiqi are more suitable than the other two.The uplift characteristics of sediment in the LYR are investigated based on the formula derived by Zhang Luohao,which indicates that coarse sediment uplift also occurs in the channel of LYR under the moderate flood condition.Then,the Huayuankou station,the Gaocun station,and the Lijin station in the LYR are selected as the representative hydrological stations.The diagrams of the flow discharge versus the ratio of sediment in suspended status are plotted respectively based on the measured data lower than the bankfull discharge in the flood season of the three stations.The results show that the sediment transport characteristics of the three stations are similar after introducing the concept of uplift critical flow discharge.Furthermore,by analyzing the sediment transport characteristics of each station,the relationship between the sediment particle size and the factors related to the probability of the suspended movement,i.e.,the uplift critical flow discharge,uplift probability coefficient,and the sediment transport index is given,based on which the equation between the ratio of sediment in suspended status and the flow-sediment factors is finally established.With the proposed equation,it shows that the coarse particles in the composition of suspended sediment can still maintain the suspended status as long as the daily average discharge of the LYR exceeds 971 m 3 s(obtained from the required dis

关 键 词：黄河下游 泥沙 扬动流速 输移特性 水沙因子 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]