秸秆还田与土壤耕作对玉米产量及土壤理化特性的影响  

Influence of Straw Returning Combined with Different Tillage Methods on Maize Yield and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties

作　　者：李辉 宋成孝 陈小翠 罗勇 段明禹 舒中兵 陈浪 苟晓松 LI Hui;SONG Cheng-xiao;CHEN Xiao-cui;LUO Yong;DUAN Ming-yu;SHU Zhong-bing;CHEN Lang;GOU Xiao-song(Zunyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Creation in Zunyi,Zunyi 563000,PRC)

机构地区：[1]遵义市农业科学研究院,遵义市作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2022年第10期16-20,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-78);贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项资金项目(黔科合服企〔2021〕5号);遵义市优秀青年科技创新人才培养项目(遵优青〔2020〕4号);遵义市助推乡村振兴科技服务团模式建设(遵市科合成转〔2021〕3号)。

摘　　要：为明确秸秆还田与土壤耕作方式对玉米产量及土壤理化性质的影响,研究采用裂区试验设计,设置秸秆还田+免耕(A_(1)B_(1))、秸秆还田+旋耕(A_(1)B_(2))、秸秆不还田+免耕(A_(2)B_(1))和秸秆不还田+旋耕(A_(2)B_(2))4个处理,对玉米生育进程、产量相关农艺性状及土壤主要理化性状进行了测定。结果表明:秸秆还田处理使玉米的出苗期、拔节期、抽雄期、吐丝期和成熟期提前了1~6 d;秸秆还田+免耕处理(A_(1)B_(1))下玉米的产量相关农艺性状表现最好,籽粒产量也最高;秸秆还田以及免耕对土壤容重、总孔隙度以及田间持水量等理化性质影响较大,且能显著提高土壤的全N、全K、碱解N以及有机质的含量,降低土壤pH值,达到培肥土壤的目的,从而提高玉米产量。To clarify the influence of straw returning combined with different tillage methods on maize yield and soil physical and chemical properties,a split plot design was adopted with four treatments,namely straw returing+no tillage(A_(1)B_(1)),straw returning+rotary tillage(A_(1)B_(2)),no straw returning+no tillage(A_(2)B_(1)),and no straw returning+rotary tillage(A_(2)B_(2)).The yield-related agronomic characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties across maize development process under the four treatment conditions were determined.The results showed that compared with no straw returning,straw returning advanced the emerging,jointing,tasseling,silking,and harvesting stages of maize by 1-6 days.In contrast to the other three treatments,the yield-related agronomic traits presented the best phenotypes and the yield was the highest in A_(1)B_(1).Straw returing,no tillage or both had great effects on soil bulk density,total porosity and field water capacity,meanwhile significantly improved the contents of the total N,total K,organic matter,and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of soil,and reduced soil pH,achieving the purpose of fertilizing soil,and therefore increasing maize yield.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 土壤耕作 玉米 产量 土壤理化性状 

分 类 号：S151.93[农业科学—土壤学] S334.9[农业科学—农业基础科学]