氮肥减量下不同基蘖肥与穗肥运筹对机插稻生长发育特性的影响  

Effects of Different Ratios of Basal-tillering Fertilization to Panicle Fertilization on the Growth and Development of Machine-transplanted Rice Under Reduced Nitrogen Fertilization

作　　者：杜同庆 仝斌 徐鹏 李振宏 DU Tong-qing;TONG Bin;XU Peng;LI Zhen-hong(Suining Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Suining 221200,China)

机构地区：[1]睢宁县农业技术推广中心,江苏睢宁221200

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2022年第5期59-63,共5页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：江苏省稻麦产业技术体系(JATS[2022]079);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-01-65)。

摘　　要：本研究在氮肥施用总量减少10%的条件下,设置了3个不同基蘖肥与穗肥质量施用比例(5∶5、6∶4、7∶3)处理,研究其对机插稻茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明:氮肥减量10%后,高峰苗、成穗数均较对照降低。随着基蘖肥与穗肥质量施用比例的增加,孕穗期叶面积指数及高峰苗增加,但成穗率呈先升后降趋势;干物质积累量有效分蘖临界叶龄期—拔节期逐步增加,而在拔节—抽穗期、抽穗—成熟期却呈现先升后降的变化趋势。穗粒数随着基蘖肥与穗肥质量施用比例的升高而呈先升后降的变化趋势,而结实率、千粒质量无明显变化规律,最终产量处理2(基蘖肥︰穗肥=6︰4)最高,达到9208.59 kg/hm^(2)。随着基蘖肥与穗肥施用比例的增加,稻米的糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白率均呈现逐渐下降的趋势,但稻米直链淀粉含量上升、蛋白质含量降低、胶稠度升高,其口感值、食味值均呈上升趋势。综合分析,在氮肥减量10%的条件下,基蘖肥与穗肥质量施用比例6︰4可使水稻产量与优质得到较好的协调统一。In this study,under the condition of the total nitrogen fertilizer application rate reduced by 10%,three different ratios of basal-tillering fertilizer application rate to panicle fertilizer application rate(5∶5,6∶4,7∶3),referred to as treatments 1,2,and 3,respectively,were set up to determine their effects on stem-tiller dynamics,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,yield,and grain quality of machine-transplanted rice.The results showed that the treatments with 10%reduction in nitrogen fertilization had lower peak seedling density and lower panicle number than the control with the conventional fertilization strategy.However,with increasing ratio of basal-tillering fertilization to panicle fertilization,leaf area index and peak seedling density at booting stage increased,while earing rate increased first and then decreased.In all treatments,dry matter accumulation first showed a rising trend,peaking at jointing-heading stage,and then declined.Among the treatments 1—3,grain number per panicle increased first and then decreased with increasing ratio of basal-tillering fertilization to panicle fertilization,while seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight had no obvious variation pattern.Treatment 2 attained the highest final yield of 9208.59 kg/hm^(2).With rising ratio of basal-tillering fertilization to panicle fertilization,the brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head rice rate,and chalkiness rate of rice all showed a gradual downward trend,but the amylose content increased,the protein content decreased,the gel consistency increased,and the texture value and taste value both showed an upward trend.In conclusion,under the condition of 10%reduction in nitrogen fertilization,the application ratio of basal-tillering fertilizer to panicle fertilizer at 6∶4 can coordinate rice yield and quality.

关 键 词：氮肥减施 基蘖肥 穗肥 机插稻 特征特性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]