有氧运动对阿尔茨海默症小鼠学习记忆及海马神经形态结构的影响  

Effects of aerobic exercise on learning,memory,and hippocampal neuromorphology in mice with Alzheimer’s disease

作　　者：张业廷 付燕 李雪[4] 魏翠兰[5] 李垂坤[2] 袁琼嘉[4] Zhang Yeting;Fu Yan;Li Xue;Wei Cuilan;Li Chuikun;Yuan Qiongjia(Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Guanghan 618307,Sichuan Province,China;College of Physical Education,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,Sichuan Province,China;College of Physical Education,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China;Chengdu Sport University,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China;Sports Institute of Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航飞行学院,四川省广汉市618307 [2]成都大学体育学院,四川省成都市610106 [3]西南民族大学体育学院,四川省成都市610041 [4]成都体育学院,四川省成都市610041 [5]成都理工大学体育学院,四川省成都市610059

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2023年第20期3188-3194,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2020YFH0184),项目负责人:张业廷。

摘　　要：背景:运动有助于预防和减缓阿尔茨海默症、痴呆症及与年龄相关的认知能力下降,而运动预防阿尔茨海默症患者认知能力下降是否与其改变了海马神经形态结构有关还并不清楚。目的:观察长期有氧运动对阿尔茨海默症小鼠学习记忆能力及海马神经形态的影响,探讨有氧运动影响阿尔茨海默症的神经机制。方法:取3月龄野生型小鼠12只,其中6只进行5个月的运动干预(野生运动组),另6只不进行任何干预(野生对照组);取APP/PS1双转基因阿尔茨海默症模型小鼠12只,其中6只进行5个月的运动干预(模型运动组),另6只不进行任何干预(模型对照组)。运动干预结束后,通过八臂迷宫实验检测各组小鼠记忆能力,尼氏染色观察小鼠海马神经形态,透射电镜观察海马神经形态结构。结果与结论:(1)八臂迷宫实验:野生运动组小鼠的记忆能力优于野生对照组、模型运动组(P<0.05),模型运动组、野生对照组小鼠的记忆能力优于模型对照组(P<0.05);(2)尼氏染色:野生运动组、野生对照组小鼠海马齿状回区、CA3区与CA1区的尼氏体清晰可辨别,胞核与核仁较清楚;阿尔茨海默症小鼠海马各区尤其是齿状回区与CA3区的尼氏体较为模糊,胞核与核仁较难分辨,特别是模型对照组小鼠神经细胞结构相对模糊且部分神经元结构受损明显,神经细胞之间的距离较大且排列疏松;(3)透射电镜:与野生对照组相比,模型对照组小鼠海马齿状回区的突触数量减少,部分突触间隙、突触前膜、突触后膜模糊,突触前膜内囊泡较少,突触后致密带密度较低;与模型对照组相比,模型运动组小鼠小鼠海马齿状回区的突触数量增加,突触前膜内突触囊泡分布较为密集均匀,突触后致密带密度有所增高;(4)结果表明,运动可以在一定程度上改善阿尔茨海默症小鼠海马神经细胞结构,这可能是运动改善阿尔茨海默症小鼠学习记忆能力�BACKGROUND:Exercise helps prevent and retard cognitive decline related to Alzheimer’s disease,dementia,and age.However,whether exercise prevents cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease is related to the neuromorphological changes of the hippocampus is still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on learning and memory ability and neuromorphology of the hippocampus in mice with Alzheimer’s disease and its neuromechanism on Alzheimer’s disease.METHODS:Twelve wild-type mice aged 3 months were divided into two groups(n=6 per group):a wild exercise group and a wild control group.Mice in the wild exercise group were given an exercise intervention for 5 months,and mice in the wild control group had no intervention.Twelve APP/PS1 double transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease were divided into two groups(n=6 per group):a model exercise group and a model control group.Mice in the model exercise group were given an exercise intervention for 5 months,and mice in the model control group had no intervention.After the exercise intervention,the memory ability of mice was tested through the eight-arm maze test.Neuromorphological changes of the hippocampus in mice were observed using Nissl staining under transmission electron microscope.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The results of the eight-arm maze test showed that the memory ability of mice in the wild exercise group was better than that in the wild control group and the model exercise group(P<0.05),and the memory ability of mice in the model exercise group and the wild control group was better than that in the model control group(P<0.05).The results of Nissl staining showed that the Nissl bodies with clear nuclei and nucleoli were clearly visible in the hippocampal dentate gyrus,CA3 and CA1 areas of mice in the wild exercise group and the wild control group.In the mice with Alzheimer’s disease,the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus,especially in the dentate gyrus and CA3 areas,were fuzzy,and the nuclei and nucleoli were dif

关 键 词：有氧运动 阿尔茨海默症 海马 神经形态结构 学习记忆 认知 突触 神经机制 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R319[医药卫生—临床医学] R741.05