降雨量对不同质地土壤外源Cl^(-)淋洗效率及其空间分布的影响  

Effects of rainfall on Cl^(-) leaching efficiency and its spatial distribution in soils with different textures

作　　者：孙磊[1] 原琳 符强[2] 聂鑫 于洪涛[2] 汤金融 董乐 SUN Lei;YUAN Lin;FU Qiang;NIE Xin;YU Hongtao;TANG Jinrong;DONG Le(School of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suihua Heilongjiang 152052,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院,黑龙江绥化152052

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2022年第10期27-38,共12页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2021C035)。

摘　　要：为雨养地区不同质地土壤含氯化肥的合理施用提供理论基础,采用土柱模拟研究不同降雨量(55、110、220和440 mm)对不同质地土壤(黏壤土、壤土、砂质壤土和砂土)中外源Cl^(-)淋洗效率和残留Cl^(-)在土壤耕层分布。结果表明,土壤中外源Cl^(-)在降雨量66 mm(砂土)、77 mm(壤土和砂质壤土)和88 mm(黏壤土)时开始淋出,降雨量110 mm(砂土)和132 mm(黏壤土、壤土和砂质壤土)时Cl^(-)淋出速率达到最大值,降雨量220 mm(砂土和砂质壤土)和264 mm(黏壤土和壤土)时累计淋出率达到92.2%~92.9%,此时,Cl^(-)淋出量与降雨量相关系数可达0.913~0.958(P<0.05)。土壤中Cl^(-)分布显著受降雨量影响,降雨量为55 mm时,外源Cl^(-)主要集中在10~30 cm土层;降雨量为110 mm时,不同质地土壤Cl^(-)含量均表现为20~30 cm>10~20 cm>0~10 cm,土壤黏粒含量越高,Cl^(-)在0~10 cm土层积累比例越高;降雨量220 mm时,砂质壤土和砂土中各土层Cl^(-)含量与不施氯处理差异不显著,黏壤土和壤土固未达到最大淋洗率,10~20 cm、20~30 cm土层中Cl^(-)含量仍显著高于0~10 cm土层(P<0.05);降雨量为440 mm时,各处理均达到最大淋洗率,施氯土壤与不施氯土壤Cl^(-)含量均无差异。4种质地土壤中Cl^(-)大量淋洗均发生在降雨量为55~220 mm时,在此降雨量范围内,施氯量和土壤黏粒含量与土壤Cl^(-)含量呈正相关,降雨量与土壤Cl^(-)含量呈负相关。以降雨量、施氯量和黏粒含量估算得到绥化壤土中Cl^(-)含量与田间实测Cl^(-)含量误差在[-9.5%,21.3%],因此可根据当地土壤黏粒含量、实际降雨量和施氯量估算土壤中Cl^(-)残留量,或根据当地土壤黏粒含量、历史降雨量和作物耐氯临界值确定含氯肥料施用量。In order to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of chlorinated fertilizers in soils of different textures in rainfed areas,this experiment used soil column simulations to study the effects of different rainfall amounts(55 mm,110 mm,220 mm and 440 mm)on the exogenous Cl^(-)leaching efficiency and the distribution of residual Cl^(-)in the soil tillage layer of soils of different textures(clay loam,loam,sandy loam and sandy soil).The results showed that exogenous Cl^(-)leaching started at 66 mm(sandy soil),77 mm(loamy loam and sandy loam)and 88 mm(clay loam),and reached the maximum rate at 110 mm(sandy soil)and 132 mm(clay loam,loam and sandy loam),soil,with cumulative leaching rates of 92.2%-92.9%at 220 mm(sandy soil and sandy loam soil)and 264 mm(clay loam soil and loam soil),when the correlation coefficient between Cl^(-)leaching and rainfall reached 0.913-0.958(P<0.05).The spatial distribution of soil Cl^(-)was also significantly influenced by the rainfall,and the exogenous Cl^(-)was mainly concentrated in the 10-30 cm soil layer when the rainfall was 55 mm.When the rainfall was 110 mm,the Cl^(-)contents of different texture soils all showed 20-30 cm>10-20 cm>0-10 cm,and the higher the clay content of the soil,the higher the proportion of Claccumulation in the 0-10 cm soil layer.When the rainfall was 220 mm,only the Cl^(-)content of each soil layer in sandy loam and sandy soil was not significantly different from the non-chlorine treatment,while clay loam and loam soils did not reach the maximum leaching rate,the Cl^(-)content in the 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers was still signifi-cantly higher than that in the 0-10 cm soil layer(P<0.05).When the rainfall was 440 mm,all the treatments reached the maximum leaching rate and there was no difference in Cl^(-)content between chlorinated and non-chlorinated soils.In the range of 55-220 mm rainfall,chlorine application and soil clay content were positively correlated with soil Cl^(-)content,and rainfall was negatively correlated with soil Cl^(-

关 键 词：Cl^(-) 土柱模拟 淋洗 降雨量 空间分布 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]