成都平原直播稻田杂草群落构成及植保无人机防控效果  

Investigation on the composition of weed community in direct-seeded rice fields in Chengdu plain and research on plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)control

作　　者：张韫政 贡常委 张水容 阮彦伟 马钰 叶娜[1] 刘雪梅 朱新成 王学贵[1] ZHANG Yunzheng;GONG Changwei;ZHANG Shuirong;RUAN Yanwei;MA Yu;YE Na;LIU Xuemei;ZHU Xincheng;WANG Xuegui(College of Agriculture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China;Chengdu Green Gold Biological Science&Technology Co.Ltd,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130 [2]成都绿金生物科技有限责任公司,四川成都610041

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期608-612,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200300)。

摘　　要：于2019—2021年,采用五点取样法调查成都平原崇州集贤乡、眉山东坡区及绵阳三台县等地直播稻田杂草的种类及数量;针对优势杂草,在崇州直播稻田开展了植保无人机防控试验(植保无人机IDK–015喷头加迈飞助剂处理和常规植保无人机喷雾处理),采集喷雾雾滴在水稻上层、中层和下层的沉积情况。3年调查结果表明,成都平原直播稻田的主要杂草分属于13科24种,其中稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.)、异型莎草(Cyperus difformis L.)、鳢肠(Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.)和空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.)相对多度均大于20%,是优势杂草。植保无人机防控杂草试验结果表明,试验组单位面积的药液沉积量(平均0.23μL/cm^(2))和药液有效沉积率(50.23%)均显著高于对照组(0.14μL/cm^(2),42.75%);试验组施药后30 d,对稗草、千金子、鳢肠的株防效和鲜重防效均达到94%以上,显著高于常规组处理。From 2019 to 2021,the types and quantities of weeds in Chongzhou,Meishan and Mianyang in the Chengdu plain were investigated using the five-point sampling method.In response to dominant weeds,the plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)control experiments were also performed in direct seeding rice fields of Chongzhou,including UAV with IDK-015 nozzle plus Maifei adjuvant treatment(the tested group)and conventional UAV spray treatment(the control group).The deposition of spray mist on the upper,middle and lower layers were collected by using Mylar sheets and photo paper.The results of the three-year survey showed that the main weeds in the direct seeded rice fields in Chengdu Plain belonged to 13 families and 24 populations.Among them,the relative probabilities were all greater than 20%for Echinochloa crusgalli,Cyperus difformis,Leptochloa chinensis,Eclipta prostrata and Alternanthera philoxeroides,which were dominant weeds.UAV spray test results showed that the pesticide liquid deposition per unit area(0.23μL/cm^(2))and the effective pesticide liquid deposition rate(50.30%)of the tested group were significantly higher than those of the control group(0.14μL/cm^(2),42.53%).After spraying 30 days,the control effect and fresh weight control effect of the tested group on Echinochloa crusgalli,Eclipta prostrata and C.difformis were all above 94%,which were higher than those of the control group.

关 键 词：直播水稻 杂草 植保无人机 化学除草 成都平原 

分 类 号：S451.21[农业科学—植物保护]