兴凯湖百余年营养演化历史及营养物基准  

Nutrient history in the past century and its baseline of Xingkai Lake

作　　者：李亮芳 李春华[2] 叶春[2] 初元满 李秀宇 张钰珮 冼汉标 谢自建 魏伟伟[2] 董旭辉 LI Liangfang;LI Chunhua;YE Chun;CHU Yuanman;LI Xiuyu;ZHANG Yupei;XIAN Hanbiao;XIE Zijian;WEI Weiwei;DONG Xuhui(School of Geography and Remote Sensing,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;National Key Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control,National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Technology,Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Ecology and Environment Bureau of Jixi City,Jixi 158100,China;Environmental Engineering Assessment Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China;Centre for Climate and Environment Changes,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学地理科学与遥感学院,广州510006 [2]中国环境科学研究院湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,北京100012 [3]鸡西市生态环境局,鸡西158100 [4]生态环境部环境工程评估中心,北京100012 [5]广州大学气候与环境变化研究中心,广州510006

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2022年第5期557-570,共14页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：水污染防治中央储备库项目“兴凯湖流域生态环境调查项目”;广州市校联合项目(202201020148)。

摘　　要：兴凯湖是东北亚地区典型湖泊。20世纪末以来人类活动持续增强,该湖营养快速富集,水体生态状况发生转变,但其环境演化历史及营养本底等信息尚知之甚少。本研究基于对该湖多根沉积钻孔年代、元素及沉积硅藻等多指标的分析,重建了兴凯湖百余年来的环境变化历史。结果表明:兴凯湖历史上保持着良好的环境生态条件,21世纪第一个十年以前水体环境变化较小(硅藻种群弦距<0.0005),近20 a来,兴凯湖生态环境逐渐退化,硅藻从以低—中营养Aulacoseira granulata的优势组合逐渐转变为以Cyclostephanos dubius为代表的富营养组合,污染元素(Pb、Zn等)含量及沉积速率快速升高。基于种群相似性的对比发现2000 a前的硅藻种群变化较小,故采用1994—1998年的水体监测均值作为兴凯湖的营养基准,即水体总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)基准分别为35μg·L^(-1)及970μg·L^(-1);结合参比元素回归分析得到的大、小兴凯湖沉积物TP基准分别为360 mg·kg^(-1)、500 mg·kg^(-1),可作为该湖的沉积物TP浓度的治理基准。上述系列水土营养基准可为兴凯湖日益严重的湖泊富营养化治理提供重要的参考目标。Background,aim,and scope Nutrient baseline can provide important information for lake eutrophication control and its restoration.The Xingkai Lake watershed has rich vegetation types and high biodiversity,which has essential ecological impact on the lake environment.Due to the continuous enhancement of human activities since the end of the 20th century,the nutrient level of the lake has increased rapidly,and its ecological status has changed.However,the information about its nutrient evolution history and natural background is still unknown.In this study,we reconstructed the history of environmental changes in the northern parts of the Xingkai Lake over the past 100 a by analyzing the chronology,elements and subfossil diatoms in three sediment cores.Materials and methods This study collected the basic information of Xingkai Lake (topography,hydrology and other characteristics) as well as socio-economic data (GDP,population,cultivated land area,etc.) and meteorological data (annual average temperature,annual precipitation and annual average wind speed,etc.) from its watershed.A gravity sampler was used to extract sedimentary cores from the eastern part of the Xiaoxingkai Lake and the middle of the north part of the Daxingkai Lake,naming as XK03,XK05 and XK07,respectively.The obtained sediment cores were sectioned at 1 cm intervals for experimental analysis (including chronology,loss on ignition (LOI),χ,geochemical elements,diatom,etc.).In this paper,diatom assemblages around 1850 AD are set as ecological reference,and the water environment conditions (such as TP,TN and sediment phosphorus) in 1994—1998 are set as physical and chemical reference for water environment management.Quantitative reconstruction of historical water environment is based on analogue matching approach.Square chord distance (SCD) is used to calculate the deviation of diatom community from its baseline in historical period.Baseline of sedimentary phosphorus in Xingkai Lake is determined by regression analysis of reference element Fe.Results

关 键 词：兴凯湖 沉积物 营养演化 硅藻 总磷 营养物基准 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]