反刍动物酶制剂改善瘤胃酶菌协同生态体系的理论探索与实践研究  

Theoretical Exploration and Practical Study of Ruminant Enzyme Preparation to Improve Synergistic Ecosystem of Rumen Enzyme and Bacteria

作　　者：冯定远[1] 左建军[1] FENG Dingyuan;ZUO Jianjun(College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学动物科学学院,广州510642

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第10期6306-6313,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

摘　　要：酶制剂应用于反刍动物特别是高产奶牛等饲粮中是明确有效的,表现出促进粗饲料消化、减少瘤胃异常发酵及调节瘤胃微生物活性和微生态平衡等积极作用。但是因为饲粮组成的复杂性、消化生理结构的复杂性等原因,需要突破单胃动物酶制剂传统思路的局限,创新反刍动物用酶思维,构建专用型酶制剂技术体系。本文总结了反刍动物酶制剂的整体架构体系,提出了过瘤胃酶、集合酶、酶菌同构、体外处理与体内添加结合4个创新理论;且重点讨论了与瘤胃生态体系相关的酶菌同构理念,以及其3个方面的价值:辅助细菌消化、调节瘤胃的理化环境、酶解饲料底物产生益生元;最后结合国内外和作者团队的试验研究,论证了酶菌同构的实践意义,推荐反刍动物酶制剂中主效酶和辅效酶基本组成为:非淀粉多糖酶(木聚糖酶、纤维素酶等)+蛋白酶、淀粉酶等+阿魏酸脂酶、阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶等。Enzymes used in feed of ruminants,especially diet for high producing dairy cows is effective,such as promoting roughage digestion,reduce the abnormal rumen fermentation and regulating rumen microbial activity and micro ecological balance,and so on.But because of the complexity of the feed composition and the complexity of digestive physiology,it is needed to break the limitations of traditional way of thinking of enzymes for the single stomach animals,innovate thinking for ruminant enzyme and construct special technology system.This paper summarizes the overall framework of ruminant enzyme preparation,and puts forward four innovative theories of rumen by-pass enzyme,aggregate enzyme,integration of enzyme and bacteria,combination of in vitro treatment and in vivo addition.The concept of integration of enzyme and bacteria related to rumen ecosystem was emphatically discussed,and its value of three aspects:assisting bacterial digestion,regulating the physical and chemical environment of rumen and enzymolysis of feed substrate to produce prebiotics.Finally,combined with the domestic and foreign experimental studies and the author's team,the practical significance of integration of enzyme and bacterial was demonstrated,and the basic composition of the main and auxiliary enzymes in ruminant enzyme preparation was recommended as follows:non-starch polysaccharide enzyme(xylanase,cellulase,etc.)+protease,amylase,etc.+ferulic acid lipase,arabinofuran glycosidase,etc.

关 键 词：酶制剂 反刍动物 应用技术体系 酶菌同构 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]