西夏语的疑问代词lj■^(1)kj■^(1)  

Interrogative Pronoun lj■^(1)kj■^(1)in Tangut Language

作　　者：段玉泉[1] Duan Yuquan

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学民族与历史学院

出　　处：《西夏研究》2022年第4期19-24,共6页Xixia Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“出土西夏字书整理研究及语料库建设”(项目批准号:19ZDA202)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：西夏语“莻耳”lj■^(1)kj■^(1)据《文海》解释,是疑问对象为“人”的复合疑问代词。文献语料表明,“莻耳”的疑问对象并非单纯指人,而是一个泛指的疑问代词,还可以指事物或者原因,通常以“……落,莻耳怖?”的句式出现;也可以指做法、方法,通常以“莻耳+粺zjij^(2)(做、为)”或“莻耳+属wji^(1)(做、为)”等固定形式出现;还可以接“玛”“唐”等词,表示问时间或处所。“莻耳”除表疑问代词外,还是一个总括代词,相当于藏文的gang zhig、gang dag以及汉语的“诸凡”“全部”“所有一切”等。“莻”后面的“耳”也出现在疑问代词“往”(何)之后,组合成复合疑问代词“往耳”。“耳”出现在“莻”“往”后面的功能尚不明确。因《文海》中有“往耳”与“往葇”的异文,一个可能的假设是,“耳”原本或表疑问,为分化其多重功能,以其为基础造专为记录疑问代词的形声字“葇”。According to Wen Hai Bao Yun(《文海宝韵》),the Tangut language lj■^(1)kj■^(1)■is an interrog-ative pronoun whose interrogative object is"a person".However,the Tangut corpus shows that,lj■^(1)kj■^(1)■can also indicate“why’”or“what',usually appearing in the sentence structure of“....tja■,lj■^(1)kj■^(1)ηwu^(2)■?”;it also represents“where"or“how"in these forms of“■+zjij^(2)■"or"■+wji^(1)■and means“when’”and“where"by following the words dzjij■and do^(2)■.In addition,■is also a pronoun,corresponding to Tibetan gang zhig,gang dag,which means“all things',“everything',etc.The Tangut language■also appears after the interrogative pronoun■,which is combined into a new interrogative pronoun wd■.The function of■appearing behind■and■is not clear.Based on the different expressions of■and■in Wenhai,a possible hypothesis is that the■might originally express questions,the pictophonetic character■is created on the basis of it to record interrogative pronouns.

关 键 词：西夏语 疑问代词 泛指疑问 总括代词 

分 类 号：H211.7[语言文字—少数民族语言]