围堤养鱼盐碱地改良过程中鱼塘水质和土壤理化性质变化研究  

Study on the changes of fish pond water quality and soil physical and chemical properties during the improvement of saline alkali soil for fish culture in Embankments

作　　者：武延民 范富[2] 马金慧 李丰义 张庆国[2] WU Yanmin;FAN Fu;MA Jinhui;LI Fengyi;ZHANG Qingguo(Agricultural College of Yanbian University,Yanji Jilin 133002,China;Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao Inner Mongolia 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002 [2]内蒙古民族大学,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《延边大学农学学报》2022年第3期45-51,共7页Agricultural Science Journal of Yanbian University

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31760372);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2013MS0605);内蒙古自治区科技创新引导项目(KCBJ2018027);内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心开放课题(MDIL2017002)。

摘　　要：围堤养鱼是改良利用盐碱地的主要途径之一。该研究以内蒙古通辽市苏打盐碱地为研究对象,对不同养鱼年限鱼塘水质、盐碱裸地土、围堤养鱼3、5和8年后的鱼塘淤泥和围堤养鱼5年后种稻土壤进行理化性质分析,结果表明:1)整个养殖周期中鱼塘水溶解性固体总量、氯化物含量、硝态氮(NO_(3)-N)含量、氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)含量随养鱼年限增加而增加;2)围堤养鱼在一定程度上改善了苏打盐碱地的物理性状,围堤养鱼3、5和8年后,土壤容重相较于盐碱裸地降低了20.12%、21.80%和22.98%,土壤团聚体含量较盐碱裸地增加了16.1%、15.4%和23.5%;3)围堤养鱼降低了苏打盐碱地的pH值和碱化度,围堤养鱼3、5和8年后,土壤pH值和碱化度相较于盐碱裸地分别降低了7.26%、8.94%、18.08和9.67%、37.16%、92.12%;4)随着围堤养鱼年限的增加,土壤有机质含量、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量以及速效钾含量呈先减后增的趋势。Fish-farming is one of the main ways to improve the utilization of saline-alkali land.This study took the saline-alkali land in Tongliao,Inner Mongolia as the research object,the physical and chemical properties of the water and soil in fish ponds with the different fish-farming years were analyzed.The results showed that 1) the dissolved matter of fish pond water increased with the extension of the fish-farming years;2) fish-farming improved the physical properties of saline-alkali soil to some extent.Compared with saline-alkali bare land,the soil bulk density was decreased by 20.12%,21.80% and 22.98% and the soil aggregate content was increased by 16.1%,15.4% and 23.5% after 3,5 and 8 years of fish-farming;3) fish-farming reduced the pH and the exchangeable sodium percentage of saline-alkali soil.Compared with saline-alkali bare land,the pH and the exchangeable sodium percentage were decreased by 7.26%,8.94%,18.08 and 9.67%,37.16%,92.12% after 3,5 and 8 years of fish-farming,respectively;4) with the increase of the fish-farming years,the contents of soil organic matter,available N,available P and available K were decreased first and then increased.

关 键 词：苏打盐碱地 围堤养鱼 水质变化 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S156.49[农业科学—土壤学]