海水小球藻-芽孢杆菌复合体系去除海水养殖中氮磷污染的研究  

Studies on Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution by Chlorella sp.-Bacillus sp.Consortium in Mariculture

作　　者：刘丽平 李赟[1] 潘鲁青[1] 邱若怡 宋佳琦 Liu Liping;Li Yun;Pan Luqing;Qiu Ruoyi;Song Jiaqi(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第11期43-55,共13页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：广东省重点领域研究发展计划项目(2020B0202010009)资助。

摘　　要：本研究针对集约化海水养殖引起的氮、磷污染问题,选用海水小球藻(Chlorella sp.)和分离自养殖池塘的芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)SD148BN14构建了一种微藻-细菌复合体系。该复合体系能够去除合成废水中90.66%的总氮和93.04%的总磷,氮、磷去除性能优于单独使用小球藻或菌株SD148BN14。藻-菌复合体系产生的生物量达0.44 g/L,且复合体系生物量中蛋白质和脂质占比显著高于小球藻生物量中二者占比。小球藻与菌株SD148BN14在细胞生长、光合活性和物质交换等方面表现出以协同为主的相互作用关系。在温度20~35℃、盐度10~40、光照强度4000~16000 lx、pH6~9、碳氮比1~10、氮磷比4~10、氮浓度1~20 mg/L条件下,藻-菌复合体系具有稳定、高效的氮去除能力。使用藻-菌复合体系能够去除实际海水养殖水中92%以上的总氮和总磷,去除实际海水养殖废水中95%以上的总氮和总磷。生物安全性实验初步验证了菌株SD148BN14应用于养殖环境的可行性。研究结果表明,该海水小球藻-芽孢杆菌复合体系具有优异的氮磷去除性能和生物量生产能力,兼具良好的海水养殖环境适应性,具备治理海水养殖氮磷污染的潜力。In view of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutions caused by intensive mariculture,in this study,Chlorella sp.and Bacillus sp.SD148 BN14 were used to construct a new microalgae-bacteria consortium.The consortium could remove 90.66%of total nitrogen and 93.04%of total phosphorus from synthetic mariculture wastewater and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were better than those of either microalgae-only or bacteria-only.The biomass production of the microalgae-bacteria consortium reached 0.44 g/L.The protein and lipid proportions in biomass of the consortium were higher than those of the microalgae-only.The interactions between Chlorella sp.and Bacillus sp.SD148 BN14 were mainly synergistic in cell growth,photosynthetic activity and substance exchange.The microalgae-bacteria consortium had stable and efficient removal ability of nitrogen at temperatures varying between 20 and 35℃,salinities between 10 and 40,light intensities between 4000 and 16000 lx,acidities between pH 6 and pH 9,carbon-to-nitrogen ratios between 1 and 10,nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios between 4 and 10,and nitrogen concentrations between 1 and 20 mg/L.The consortium could remove more than 92%of total nitrogen as well as total phosphorus from real mariculture water and more than 95%of total nitrogen as well as total phosphorus from real mariculture wastewater.Biosafety experiments preliminarily confirmed the feasibility of Bacillus sp.SD148 BN14 used in mariculture environment.The excellent removal performance of nitrogen and phosphorus,capability of biomass production and adaptability to mariculture environment made the Chlorella sp.-Bacillus sp.SD148 BN14 consortium a potential use for nitrogen and phosphorus pollution treatment in mariculture.

关 键 词：藻-菌复合体系 小球藻 芽孢杆菌 海水养殖 氮磷去除 生物量 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]