批判、改写与身份重塑:印度达利特作家翁普拉卡什·瓦尔密齐的诗歌创作  

Criticism, Rewriting and Identity Reconstruction: A Study on the Poetry Writing of the Indian Dalit Writer Omprakash Valmiki

作　　者：闫元元 YAN Yuanyuan

机构地区：[1]战略支援部队信息工程大学

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2022年第5期102-118,157,共18页South and Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：达利特文学是由印度达利特出身的作家创作的反对种姓、主张平权的文学作品,也是当代印度达利特运动的重要组成部分。达利特诗歌是达利特文学最早出现的体裁之一,在达利特民众中传播最为广泛。翁普拉卡什·瓦尔密齐是印地语达利特知名作家,也是将达利特文学带入世界文学的先行者之一。瓦尔密齐的文学创作始于诗歌创作,他选择批判性创作的方式,彻底否定种姓制度在当代社会存在的合理性,批判基于种姓制度的经济制度与社会分工,反对印度教团体对达利特族群的操控,警醒民众提防宗教势力与国家政权的合流。瓦尔密齐使用文学改写的创作手法重构印度文学经典,发掘印度两大史诗中的达利特英雄,重写普列姆昌德等作家的经典文本,积极争夺文学创作的话语权。瓦尔密齐诗歌创作目的是重塑达利特身份认同,他以赞美达利特的辛勤劳动来重塑“达利特尊严”,以歌颂达利特的祖先来强调族群身份的不同,书写达利特文化身份的异质性来强调达利特不属于印度教徒。Dalit literature is a literature created by writers of Indian Dalits who oppose caste and advocate equal rights, and is also an important part of the contemporary Dalit movement in India. Dalit poetry is one of the earliest genres of Dalit literature and is most widely spread among Dalit people. Omprakash Valmiki was a famous writer of Hindi Dalit literature and one of the forerunners who brought Dalit literature into world literature. Valmiki’s literary writing began with poetry, and he chose the method of critical writing, completely denied the rationality of the existence of the caste system in contemporary society, criticized the economic system and social division of labor based on the caste system, opposed the manipulation of the Dalit community by Hindu groups, and alerted the people to beware of coalition of religious forces and state power. Valmiki used the method of literary rewriting to reconstruct Indian literary canon, discovered Dalit heroes in India’s two great epics, rewrote the classic works of writers such as Premchand so as to compete for the expression right of literary writing. Valmiki’s poetry was intended to reshape Dalit identity. He praised Dalit’s hard work to reshape “Dalit Asmita”, glorified Dalit’s ancestors to emphasize differences in ethnic identity, and wrote the heterogeneity of Dalit’s cultural identity to emphasize that Dalits were not Hindu.

关 键 词：印度文学 达利特文学 翁普拉卡什·瓦尔密齐 诗歌创作 身份重塑 

分 类 号：I351.072[文学—其他各国文学]