“饻”的历史:战争与革命时期华北解放区工人的生活状况与阶级意识  

History of“Xi”(饻):The Living Conditions and Class Consciousness of the Workers in the Liberated Areas of North China during the Anti-Japanese War and Revolution of Liberation

作　　者：欧阳军喜[1] OUYANG Jun-xi(School of Marxism,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学马克思主义学院,北京100084

出　　处：《史学集刊》2022年第6期84-97,共14页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中共中央在香山筹建新中国的历史与经验研究”(19BDJ056)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“饻”作为工资计算单位是华北解放区军事工业由军事管理转变为企业化管理、军工企业由供给制改为工资制的产物,同时也是为应对经济困难而采取的一种战时财政管理措施。饻工资的推行,最大限度地满足了战时工人的基本生活需要,也推动了解放区工业的恢复和发展。中国共产党在推行以“饻”为工资计算单位的同时,向工人灌输阶级意识。工人工资饻数的变化既是中国共产党处理不同阶层工人的工资待遇和工人运动政策调整的具体体现,也是解放区劳资之间、工人与工人之间、工人与农民之间利益关系变化的反映。As a unit of wage calculation,“Xi”(饻)is the product of military industry changing from military management to enterprise management,and also the outcome of military enterprises changing from supply system to wage system in the North China liberated area.It is a wartime financial management measure adopted to cope with economic difficulties as well.The implementation of“Xi”as wages maximally met the basic living needs of wartime workers and promoted the recovery and development of industry in the liberated areas.The Communist Party of China inculcated class consciousness among workers while promoting the use of“Xi”as the unit of wage calculation.The changes in the number of“Xi”are not only the concrete embodiment of the CPC’s handling of the wage treatment of workers of different classes and the adjustment of labor movement policies,but also the reflection of the changes in the interest relations between labor and capital,workers and workers,and workers and farmers in the liberated areas.

关 键 词：饻 工人 工资 生活水平 阶级意识 

分 类 号：K269[历史地理—历史学] D231[历史地理—中国史]