追求冷战利益:美国对朝鲜半岛普韦布洛危机的应对  

Pursuing Cold War Interests: The U.S. Response to the Pueblo Crisis on the Korean Peninsula

作　　者：邓峰[1] DENG Feng(Department of History,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,上海200062

出　　处：《史学集刊》2022年第6期118-132,共15页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“冷战时期朝鲜半岛危机研究(1966-1976)”(20BSS060)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1968年1月,美国普韦布洛号情报船被朝鲜海军俘获而引发危机,以约翰逊总统为首的华盛顿决策层深受冷战对抗思维的影响,判断该危机的爆发与越南战事密切相关。这导致约翰逊政府放弃军事报复选项,采用和平外交手段来化解危机。与此同时,朝鲜充分备战、美国船员未被遣返、朝鲜与中苏已缔结互助条约等一些具体因素亦制约美国实施军事报复行为。更值得关注的是,在美朝谈判中,由于阵营利益和国家利益始终被约翰逊政府置于被扣船员的个人利益之上,美国迟迟不肯做出让步,谈判久拖不决。然而最终美国还是满足了朝鲜的要求。这种对朝交涉失败的结局,反映了超级大国美国在冷战博弈中的力量局限性。When the USS Pueblo intelligence ship was captured by the DPRK’s Navy in January 1968 and triggered a crisis, Washington policymakers, led by President Johnson, were deeply influenced by Cold War confrontational thinking and judged the outbreak of the crisis to be closely related to the war in Vietnam.This led the Johnson administration to abandon the option of military retaliation and to use peaceful diplomacy to resolve the crisis.At the same time, specific factors such as the DPRK’s full preparedness for war, the non-repatriation of American crew members, and the mutual assistance pact between the DPRK and China and the Soviet Union also constrained the U.S.from carrying out military retaliation.What is more noteworthy is that in the U.S.-DPRK negotiations, the U.S.was hesitant to make concessions because the interests of the bloc and the country were always put above the personal interests of the detained crew members by the Johnson administration, and the negotiations dragged on for a long time.In the end, however, the U.S.eventually met DPRK’s demands.This failure to negotiate with the DPRK reflects the limitations of the superpower’s power in the Cold War game.

关 键 词：约翰逊政府 普韦布洛 冷战 阵营对抗 美朝谈判 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] K712.54[政治法律—外交学]