“减税降费”对制造业间接税有效税率的影响研究--基于投入产出税收价格模型的分析  

The Impact of“Tax Reduction and Fee Reduction”on the Effective Tax Rate of Indirect Tax in Manufacturing Industry:An Analysis Based on Tax Price Input-output Model

作　　者：杨志安[1] 付正淦 邱国庆[1] YANG Zhian;FU Zhenggan;QIU Guoqing(School of Economics,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110031,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学经济学院,辽宁沈阳110031

出　　处：《财经论丛》2022年第11期32-40,共9页Collected Essays on Finance and Economics

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅新型智库项目(LZK202003);辽宁省哲学社会科学青年人才培养对象委托课题(2022lslwtkt-033);辽宁省社会科学规划基金青年项目(L21CGL016)。

摘　　要：本文选取2010-2019年全国分产业、分税种数据,利用RAS法延长可用投入产出表,测算制造业有效税率。结果如下:第一,“减税降费”使制造业间接税有效税率降低了3.07%,其中2016年全面“营改增”的减税效应小于2019年制造业留抵退税与增值税一般税率下调的减税效应;第二,制造业间接税的减税效应是“营改增”扩围、增值税与消费税变动和税负转嫁综合的结果;第三,资源密集型制造业在改革中获益最大,劳动密集型制造业获益最小;第四,“减税降费”后,各类型制造业间接税有效税率差异进一步缩小。With the data of national industries and tax categories from 2010 to 2019,this paper extends the available input-output table RAS method to calculate the effective tax rate of manufacturing industry.The results are as follows.First,the“tax reduction and fee reduction”has reduced the effective tax rate of indirect tax of manufacturing industry by 3.07%.Specially,the tax reduction effect of the comprehensive“replacing business tax with value-added tax”in 2016 is smaller than that of the manufacturing tax rebate and the reduction of the general tax rate of value-added tax in 2019.Second,the tax reduction effect of indirect tax in manufacturing industry is the result of the expansion of“replacing business tax with value-added tax”,the changes of value-added tax and consumption tax,and the transfer of tax burden.Third,the resource intensive manufacturing industry benefited the most from the reform,while the labor-intensive manufacturing industry benefited the least.Finally,after the“tax reduction and fee reduction”,the difference in the effective tax rate of indirect tax on various types of manufacturing industry further narrowed.

关 键 词：减税降费 税收转嫁 实征税收 归宿税收 

分 类 号：F812.42[经济管理—财政学]