白洋淀流域农牧系统养分流动与环境损失时空特征  

Temporal and spatial characteristics of nutrient flow and losses of the crop-livestock system in Baiyangdian Basin

作　　者：杨文宝 杨晶 赵占轻 张建杰 魏静[1] YANG Wenbao;YANG Jing;ZHAO Zhanqing;ZHANG Jianjie;WEI Jing(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Center for Agricultural Re-sources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;School of Land Science and Space Planning,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,保定071000 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050022 [3]河北地质大学土地科学与空间规划学院,石家庄050031 [4]山西农业大学资源环境学院,太原030031

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2022年第11期1722-1736,共15页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0101900);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31972517);河北省水利科技计划项目(2019-54)资助。

摘　　要：随着农牧政策的实施及雄安新区的建立,白洋淀流域农牧系统发生明显变化。本研究基于食物链养分流动模型(Nutrient flows in Food chains,Environment and Resources use,NUFER),利用年鉴、调研和文献数据,探讨2005年、2015年和2018年白洋淀流域县域尺度农牧系统氮磷账户、养分利用率以及环境损失特征。结果表明:2018年白洋淀流域氮磷肥输入量显著低于2005年和2015年,如氮肥输入量较2005年和2015年分别减少8.0%和11.6%;2005年、2015年和2018年农田系统氮利用效率均为44%左右,磷利用效率则由2005年27.1%上升至2018年30.7%。畜牧系统养分输入量和粪尿损失量显著降低,2018年粪尿氮磷直排量分别是24.7 Gg和10.3 Gg,仅为2015年的37%左右;氮磷利用效率较2005年明显增加,2018年氮磷利用效率分别为23.3%和18.6%。2018年农牧系统氮磷养分损失显著低于2005年和2015年,而氮磷利用效率呈“先增后降”特征。空间上,白洋淀流域农牧系统养分输入、输出和损失呈“东西低、中间高”特征。综上,当前白洋淀流域已实现化肥“零增长”、畜禽粪尿优化管理的目标,但农牧系统养分利用效率仍处于较低水平。农牧系统区域发展不平衡,部分县域呈现高投入、高损失、低效率的特点。未来白洋淀流域农牧系统应深化化肥零增长政策,继续推行畜禽废弃物资源化目标,合理布局畜禽养殖数量,实现农牧系统协同优化发展。The crop-livestock system in Baiyangdian Basin has changed significantly owing to the implementation of related policies and establishment of the Xiong’an New Area.Based on the NUFER(Nutrient flows in Food chains,Environment and Resources use)model and data from statistical year books,surveys,and literatures,this study determined the nitrogen and phosphorus requirements for crop-livestock systems and analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of nutrient use and environmental losses in Baiyang-dian Basin on a county scale in the years 2005,2015,and 2018.The results showed that the inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus fertil-izers in Baiyangdian Basin in 2018 were far less than those in 2005 and 2015.For example,the input of nitrogen fertilizer in 2018 was 8.0%and 11.6%lower than that in 2005 and 2015,respectively.The nitrogen use rate of the crop system remained at approxim-ately 44%throughout the study period,whereas the phosphorus use rate increased from 27.1%to 30.7%.The total nutrient input and manure nutrient losses decreased significantly in the livestock system,especially for the directly discharge pathway,whose nitrogen and phosphorus losses reduced to 24.7 Gg and 10.3 Gg,respectively in 2018,which were only approximately 37%of that in 2015.Nitrogen and phosphorus use rates increased significantly for the whole livestock system,reaching 23.3%and 18.6%,respectively in 2018.In 2018,the nitrogen and phosphorus inputs in the crop-livestock system were significantly lower than those in the previous two study years.However,the nitrogen and phosphorus use rates of the whole crop-livestock system first increased and then decreased during 2005-2018.Spatial analysis revealed that the nutrient input,output,and loss of the crop-livestock system were relatively lower in the eastern and western Baiyangdian Basin but higher in the middle areas compared to those in other areas.In conclu-sion,the goal of“zero increase”in fertilizer and optimization of manure management was achieved in Baiyangdian Basin,but the n

关 键 词：白洋淀流域 NUFER模型 氮 磷 农牧系统 养分流动 环境损失 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学] S158.5