岩溶区典型工业型城市地下水水化学特征及成因机制  

Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality evaluation of karst groundwater in typical industrial cities

作　　者：卢丽 陈余道[1] 邹胜章[2,3,4] 樊连杰[2,3,4] 林永生 王喆[2,3,4] LU Li;CHEN Yudao;ZOU Shengzhang;FAN Lianjie;LIN Yongsheng;WANG Zhe(Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Institute of Karst Geology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR&GZAR,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541004 [2]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西桂林541004 [3]自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [4]广西岩溶资源环境工程技术研究中心,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2022年第4期588-598,共11页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22080070);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221758);国家自然科学基金项目(41807218)。

摘　　要：文章以广西柳州市岩溶地下水为研究对象,在岩溶水文地质调查和样品采集测试的基础上,采用数理统计法、水化学方法(Piper图、Gibbs图、离子比值系数,矿物饱和指数计算)、因子分析法和模糊综合评价法,分析工业型城市岩溶地下水水化学特征及形成机制,开展岩溶地下水质量评价。结果表明,研究区岩溶地下水为中-弱碱性水,Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、HCO_(3)^(-)、SO_(4)^(2−)是主要的阴阳离子,水化学类型以HCO_(3)-Ca型和HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型为主,且城区的SO_(4)^(2−)型水的比例远高于非城区。区内岩溶地下水水化学组分及演化主要受水-岩作用、工业污染、城镇生活污染和农业活动等主控因素的影响,贡献率分别为31.52%、25.15%、18.12%和10.74%。其中,城区的水化学组分受人类活动的影响程度大于非城区的。矿物饱和指数表明,区内方解石和绝大多数白云石为饱和状态,而石膏和盐岩均为溶解状态。不同功能区的水化学敏感指标有差异,工业区以重金属为主,农业区以三氮为主,生活区以K^(+)、Na^(+)、Cl^(−)、SO_(4)^(2−)为主。研究区整体水质较好,Ⅰ-Ⅲ类水的比例高达约87.39%;但不同区域的水质差异较大,其中城区的水质较差,超标因子主要为Al、Mn、Pb、Fe、Hg;非城区的水质较好,超标因子主要为三氮。研究成果可以为工业型城市岩溶地下水污染防治提供科学依据。As economic pillars of the karst area in south China,industrial cities located in this area play an important role in the promotion of national strategy and economic development.Karst groundwater,the main water source of industrial cities in the karst area,is vital for urban development.Therefore,studies on hydrochemical characteristics of karst groundwater and solutions to water pollution problems have always been working focuses of local governments,but little attention to the chemical problems of karst groundwater in industrial cities has been paid in previous studies.This study takes karst groundwater in Liuzhou City,Guangxi as the research object.Based on karst hydrogeological survey,a total of 119 groups of karst underground water samples were collected,including 31 groups of urban underground water samples and 88 groups of non-urban underground water samples.Using mathematical statistics,hydrochemistry method(Piper diagram,Gibbs diagram,ion ratio coefficient,mineral saturation index calculation),factor analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,we analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of karst groundwater in industrial cities,and carried out the quality evaluation of karst groundwater.Results show that karst groundwater in the study area is generally medium-weak alkaline water with a small amount of acidic water.The main cations are Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+),and the main anions are HCO_(3)- and SO_(4)^(2-).In terms of concentration and variation degree,karst groundwater in urban areas is larger than that in non-urban areas.In terms of water chemistry types,there are also obvious differences between the two kinds of areas,that is,water chemistry types in urban areas are mainly HCO_(3)-Ca+Mg type,while those in non-urban areas are mainly HCO_(3)-Ca type.The proportion of SO_(4)^(2-) type water in urban areas is much higher than that in non-urban areas,reflecting that urban areas suffer serious pollution from more pollution sources than non-urban areas.The chemical composition of

关 键 词：岩溶地下水 水化学特征 成因机制 水质评价 工业型城市 

分 类 号：P641.12[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]