冻结过程中单孔冰结晶变形机制研究  

The study of deformation mechanism of ice crystals in a freezing single pore

作　　者：张永安 应赛[2,3] 文桃 王月礼[4] 周自强 卢千禧 张支立[2] ZHANG Yong’an;YING Sai;WEN Tao;WANG Yueli;ZHOU Ziqiang;LU Qianxi;ZHANG Zhili(Lanzhou Non-ferrous Engineering Investigation Design Limited Company,Lanzhou 730000,China;Engineering Research Center for Health Monitoring in Building Life Cycle and Disaster Prevention,Yangtze Normal University,Chongqing 408100,China;Gansu Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Shanxi Metallurgical Rock-Soil Engineering Investigation Limited Company,Taiyuan 030000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃有色工程勘察设计研究有限公司,甘肃兰州730000 [2]长江师范学院建筑物全生命周期健康检测与灾害防治工程研究中心,重庆408100 [3]甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害防治研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [4]山西冶金岩土工程勘察有限公司,山西太原030000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2022年第5期1429-1439,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0902);重庆市教委科技项目(KJQN202101443);甘肃省公益性行业科研专项资金子项目(2017121002);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR10RA472);重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2019jcyj-msx⁃mX0813);重庆市教委科技项目(KJQN202101447)资助。

摘　　要：孔隙水在冻结过程中产生的冰结晶压力导致了多孔材料的冻胀及破坏。本文通过理论分析分别给出了不同形状晶体的结晶压力计算模型,并分析了经典结晶压力计算公式的使用条件。建立了降温过程中孔隙冰晶生长模型,实现冰晶生长过程中的孔隙变形计算,分析了晶核密度、孔径大小、荷载和冰晶体积对孔隙冻胀变形的影响机制。结果表明:起始孔隙直径和长宽比的增大对结晶变形抑制作用的机理在于减少了冰晶体积中膨胀结晶的比例。荷载对孔隙变形的抑制机制在于,荷载的增大迫使冰晶更多地横向生长(长宽比增大),导致膨胀结晶所占比例减小。孔隙中的晶体生长有完全填充模式和部分填充模式,在部分填充模式下,晶核密度、荷载和孔径的增大都会导致晶体在孔隙中的填充率增大,从而对孔隙结晶变形产生影响。本模型揭示了单个孔隙中冻胀变形机制,为解决多孔介质的冻胀变形与破坏问题提供了新的思路。The crystallization pressure on the surface of the pore wall lead to the frost heave of porous materials during the growth of ice crystals in the cooling process.In this paper,the calculation models of crystallization pressure for crystals of different shapes are given respectively,and the application conditions of the classical cal⁃culation formula of crystallization pressure are analyzed.Then,based on crystallization kinetics theory and con⁃sidering the interaction between crystal and pore wall,a growth model of pore ice crystallization during the cool⁃ing process was established to calculate the pore deformation during the growth of ice crystals,and the influence mechanism of crystal nucleus density,pore size,load and freezing amount on the pore crystallization deforma⁃tion was analyzed.The results show that the increase of initial pore diameter and aspect ratio inhibits crystalliza⁃tion deformation by decreasing the proportion of expanded crystals in ice crystal volume.The inhibition mecha⁃nism of load on pore deformation is that the increase of load forces salt crystals to grow more laterally(the length-to-width ratio increases),leading to the decrease of the proportion of expansive crystals.There are two modes of crystal growth in the pore:full filling mode and partial filling mode.In the partial filling mode,the in⁃crease of crystal nucleus density,load and pore size will lead to the increase of crystal filling rate in the pore,thus affecting the pore crystallization deformation.This model reveals the deformation mechanism of ice crystals in a freezing single pore,which provides a new idea for solving the problem of frost heave deformation and fail⁃ure of porous media.

关 键 词：结晶压力 变形机制 冰晶生长 

分 类 号：TU45[建筑科学—岩土工程] P642.14[建筑科学—土工工程]