两种机械化种植方式对优质晚籼稻产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Two Mechanical Planting Methods on the Yield and Quality of High-Quality Late Indica Rice

作　　者：郭保卫 唐闯 王岩 蔡嘉鑫 唐健 周苗 景秀 张洪程 许轲 胡雅杰 邢志鹏 李国辉 陈恒 GUO BaoWei;TANG Chuang;WANG Yan;CAI JiaXin;TANG Jian;ZHOU Miao;JING Xiu;ZHANG HongCheng;XU Ke;HU YaJie;XING ZhiPeng;LI GuoHui;CHEN Heng(Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu;Bureau of Agriculture of Shanggao County of Jiangxi Province,Shanggao 336400,Jiangxi)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院,江苏扬州225009 [2]江西省上高县农业局,江西上高336400

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第20期3910-3925,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300507);国家自然科学基金(31601246);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-28);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确机插和机直播下优质双季晚籼稻产量和稻米品质的差异,以及两种方式下适宜品种类型的选择标准。【方法】本试验以早熟晚籼、中熟晚籼、偏迟熟晚籼、迟熟晚籼和过迟熟晚籼5种不同类型优质晚籼稻品种为材料,采用机插和机直播两种种植方式,对各类型优质晚籼稻产量和品质特征进行比较研究。【结果】(1)与机直播相比,优质晚籼稻在机插条件下结实率和群体颖花数显著提高,千粒重也有所提高,最终产量显著提高。机插条件下中熟晚籼产量最高,偏迟熟晚籼其次,而机直播条件下早熟晚籼产量最高,中熟晚籼其次。(2)对于稻米品质,与机直播相比,机插条件下各类型优质晚籼稻品种的糙米率、精米率与整精米率均显著提高,加工品质改善,但垩白粒率、垩白度增加,外观有所变劣。机插优质晚籼稻胶稠度、崩解值与食味值显著提高,直链淀粉含量显著降低,蒸煮食味品质提高。两种方式下糙米率、精米率、整精米率均以中熟晚籼最高,其加工品质最优;垩白粒率、垩白度在品种类型间表现为过迟熟晚籼<迟熟晚籼<偏迟熟晚籼<中熟晚籼<早熟晚籼;对于机插优质晚籼稻,偏迟熟晚籼的蒸煮食味和营养品质最优,其次是中熟晚籼。对于机直播晚籼稻,中熟晚籼的蒸煮食味和营养品质最优,早熟晚籼也有较高的食味值。(3)精米率和整精米率与齐穗后20 d的日平均温度显著正相关,垩白粒率、垩白度与日平均温度和日最高温度均值显著正相关,食味值与齐穗后20 d日平均温度、日最高温度均值显著正相关。【结论】对于双季稻区优质晚稻品种的选择,综合稻米产量和品质来看,机插宜选择中熟晚籼和偏迟熟晚籼,从注重食味角度,重点考虑偏迟熟晚籼品种;机直播宜选择早熟晚籼,也可适当考虑中熟晚籼获得最佳品质。【Objective】The experiment was conducted to clarify the differences in the yield and quality of double cropping high-quality late indica rice and the selection criteria for variety tapes under mechanical transplanting(MT)and mechanical direct seeding(MS).【Method】Early-maturing late indica rice,medium-maturing late indica rice,moderately late-maturing late indica rice,late-maturing late indica rice and extremely late-maturing late indica rice were used as materials,and two planting methods including MT and MS were set to study the yield and quality characteristics of high-quality late indica rice.【Result】(1)The seed setting rate and the number of spikelets in the population of the high-quality late indica rice under MT were significantly higher than that under MS,and the 1000-grain weight under MT also increased,finally the actual yield was significantly increased.For MT,the medium-maturing late indica rice had the highest yield,followed by moderately late-maturing late indica rice;while for MS,the early-maturing late indica rice had the highest yield,followed by medium-maturing late indica rice.(2)Compared with MS,the processing quality of high-quality late indica rice varieties under MT was better for the significantly higher brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate,but the appearance quality deteriorated because of the increased chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree.The cooking quality improved for higher gel consistency,breakdown,taste value and lower amylose content.The highest brown rice rate,milled rice rate,and head rice rate were all found in medium-maturing late indica rice under two planting methods,chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree among different varieties showed the trend of extremely late-maturing late indica rice<late-maturing late indica rice<moderately late-maturing late indica rice<medium-maturing late indica rice<early-maturing late indica rice.For mechanical transplanting high-quality late indica rice,the best cooking and taste and nutritional quality appeared in mo

关 键 词：优质晚籼稻 机插 机直播 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]