大花型茶专用菊杂交后代株系的综合评价与筛选  

Comprehensive Evaluation and Selection of Hybrid Offsprings of Large-Flowered Tea Chrysanthemum

作　　者：胡馨 张职亮 张飞 邓波 房伟民 HU Xin;ZHANG ZhiLiang;ZHANG Fei;DENG Bo;FANG WeiMin(1College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agriculture University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancements/Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Nanjing 210095;Fujian Longji Biotechnology Co.,Ltd,Ningde 211125,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院/作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室/华东地区花卉生物学国家林业和草原局重点实验室,南京210095 [2]福建省龙漈生物科技有限公司,福建宁德211125

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第20期4036-4051,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001500);福建省林业科技项目(2021FKJ08)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过建立大花型茶专用菊综合评价体系,筛选出综合表现优异的株系,为大花型茶专用菊新品种选育提供理论参考和物质基础。【方法】以大花型茶专用菊品种‘金丝黄菊’的46个经田间初选的杂交后代无性株系及5个亲本为供试材料,从农艺性状、感官品质、有效成分等方面共选取花干重、舌状花数、盛花期、株高、冠幅、单株花数、干花产量、抗旱性、抗病性、干花径、干花形、干花色、香气、汤花、汤色、滋味及总黄酮、绿原酸、木犀草苷和3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量等20个性状指标作为评价因子,利用层次分析法及K-Means聚类分析法建立综合评价体系,开展杂种株系的综合筛选。【结果】通过对大花型茶专用菊F1代株系性状进行观测与分析,结果表明,较多F1代株系花期相对较晚。其抗旱能力相比‘金丝黄菊’有一定提高,抗病性综合表现一般。较多F1代株系在花部观赏性上得到了一定程度的改良,但整体上花径没有明显增加,在生长、产量指标及滋味上尚有不足。应用层次分析法确定了各性状的权重值,其中干花径权重值最大,为0.148;其次是汤花、汤色、滋味,权重值均为0.084;再次是盛花期和干花产量,权重值均为0.080。通过K-Means聚类分析法将材料划分为3个等级,优等6个、良等29个、差等16个,分别占11.76%、56.86%、31.37%。其中,优等株系相比‘金丝黄菊’来说,其单花花序更重,花瓣宽厚且瓣性更高,花色更为纯正鲜亮,有效成分含量也较高,可进一步进行生产区域试验。【结论】应用层次分析法及K-Means聚类分析法构建的综合评价体系,最终筛选出5个农艺性状佳、抗性强、品质高的优良株系。【Objective】The purpose was to establish an evaluation system to screen out elite hybrid lines of large-flowered tea chrysanthemum, so as to provide a theory reference and material base for the breeding of new varieties. 【Method】A total of 20factors representative of agronomic traits, sensory quality, and active ingredient were investigated for 46 F1 offsprings derived from maternal large-flowered tea chrysanthemum Jinsi Huangju and for five parental cultivars, including dry flower weight, ray floret number, florescence, plant height, crown diameter, number of flowers per plant, yield of dry flower, drought resistance, disease resistance, dry flower diameter, dry flower type, dry flower color, aroma, liquor flower type, liquor flower color, taste, total flavones,chlorogenic acid, luteolin glycosides, and iso-chlorogenic acid A. The analytic hierarchy process and K-Means cluster analysis were used to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for assessing the hybrid offsprings. 【Result】Through the observation and analysis of the characters of F1 offsprings of large-flowered tea chrysanthemum, the results showed that the flowering period of most F1 offsprings was relatively late. Compared with ‘Jinsi Huangju’, the drought resistance of F1 offsprings was improved to a certain extent, but the disease resistance was average. The inflorescence-related ornamental traits of the most F1 offspring were generally improved, but the flower diameter was not significantly increased, and the performances of growth, yield and taste traits were not improved as expected. The weight of the 20 factors was determined by analytic hierarchy process, and the result showed that dry flower diameter shared the largest weight value of 0.148, followed by liquor flower type, liquor flower color, and taste with a weight value of 0.084, florescence and yield of dry flower with a weight value of 0.080. The K-Means cluster analysis divided the investigated materials into 3 grades, i.e., 6 superior, 29 good, and 16 poor accessions,

关 键 词：茶用菊 大花型 杂种F1代 层次分析法 综合评价 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]