不同时期高温胁迫对夏玉米物质生产性能及籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of High Temperature Stress in Different Periods on Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of Summer Maize

作　　者：张川 刘栋 王洪章[1] 任昊[1] 赵斌[1] 张吉旺[1] 任佰朝[1] 刘存辉[2] 刘鹏[1] ZHANG Chuan;LIU Dong;WANG HongZhang;REN Hao;ZHAO Bin;ZHANG JiWang;REN BaiZhao;LIU CunHui;LIU Peng(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,Shandong;Shandong Seed Management Station,Ji’nan 250100)

机构地区：[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省种子管理总站,济南250100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第19期3710-3722,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32071959);山东省重点研发计划(LJNY202103);山东省现代农业产业技术体系(SDAIT02-08);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300106)。

摘　　要：【目的】黄淮海夏玉米区高温胁迫频发、重发、持续期延长显著影响籽粒产量。本文以不同耐热型玉米品种为材料,探明大喇叭口期(V12)和开花期(VT)高温胁迫对两类品种叶片光合特性、碳同化物积累、分配和籽粒产量的影响。【方法】本研究以耐热型品种郑单 958(ZD958)和热敏感型品种先玉 335(XY335)为材料,以同时期适宜温度处理(昼 32℃12 h/夜 22℃12 h)为对照,使用自动控温控湿的高温棚模拟田间自然增温效果,设置 V12 期、VT 期高温胁迫处理(昼 38℃12 h/夜 28℃12 h),比较高温胁迫后夏玉米叶面积指数(LAI)、碳代谢酶活性、光合速率、碳同化物积累和分配的动态变化特征,明确夏玉米物质生产性能及籽粒产量对高温胁迫的响应机制。【结果】高温胁迫后,两品种的 LAI、碳代谢酶活性、净光合速率和干物质积累量均显著降低,ZD958 和 XY335 的 LAI、RuBP 羧化酶活性、PEP 羧化酶活性、净光合速率和干物质积累量比其对照分别降低了 2.98%—4.21%、40.38%—54.46%、16.88%—30.60%、18.14%—25.49%、12.83%—19.38%和 3.80%—5.07%、56.56%—76.16%、26.33%—33.66%、22.37%—34.62%、22.07%—26.72%,VT期高温胁迫的降幅大于 V12 期。高温胁迫后,夏玉米叶片蒸腾速率显著升高,但叶片水分利用效率显著下降。高温下两品种的C 同化量均显著降低,V12 期高温胁迫后,ZD958 和 XY335 的C 同化量分别降低了 18.48%和 22.82%,籽粒中C同化量占比降低。高温胁迫显著降低穗粒数,千粒重虽有小幅提高,但籽粒产量显著降低。与适宜温度相比,V12 期高温胁迫后 ZD958 穗粒数和产量分别降低了 62.53%和 45.87%;VT 期高温胁迫后穗粒数和产量分别降低了 70.53%和 66.89%;V12 期高温胁迫后 XY335 穗粒数和产量分别降低了 70.50%和 62.87%;VT 期高温胁迫后分别降低了 85.41%和 80.61%;VT期高温胁迫降幅大于 V12 期高温胁迫,XY335 的降幅大于 ZD958。【�【Objective】Frequent, recurrent and prolonged high temperature stress had significant effects on grain yield of summer maize in Huang-Huai-Hai region. In this study, we investigated the effects of high temperature stress at the V12 stage and VT stage on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, carbon assimilate accumulation, distribution and grain yield of maize varieties with different heat tolerance.【Method】In this study, heat resistant maize variety Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and heat sensitive maize variety Xianyu335 (XY335) were used as materials. The normal temperature treatments (day 32℃12 h /night 22℃12 h) were set as the control at the same time. High temperature greenhouse equipped with automatic temperature and humidity control facilities was used to simulate the effect of natural field high temperature, the high temperature stress treatments (day 38℃12 h/night 28℃12 h) were set at V12 and VT stage, respectively. The dynamic characteristics of leaf area index (LAI), carbon metabolism enzyme activities,photosynthetic rate and carbon assimilate accumulation and allocation were compared after high temperature stress, aimed to determine the response mechanism of dry matter production performance and grain yield to high temperature stress. 【Result】After high temperature stress, LAI, carbon metabolism enzyme activities, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of two cultivars were significantly decreased. LAI, RuBP carboxylase activity, PEP carboxylase activity, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of ZD958 and XY335 decreased by 2.98%-4.21%, 40.38%-54.46%, 16.88%-30.60%, 18.14%-25.49%,12.83%-19.38% and 3.80%-5.07%, 56.56%-76.16%, 26.33%-33.66%, 22.37%-34.62%, 22.07%-26.72%, respectively. The decrease range of high temperature stress in VT stage was larger than that in V12 stage. After high temperature stress, transpiration rate of summer maize leaves increased, while leaf water use efficiency decreased significantly. Under high temperature stress,C assimilation of ZD958 a

关 键 词：夏玉米 高温胁迫 碳代谢酶活性 碳同化物积累与分配 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]